Kagame Alexis
Alexis Kagame ( 15 Gicurasi 1912 – 2 Ukuboza 1981 ) yari umufilozofe wu mu Rwanda, umuhanga mu by'indimi, umuhanga mu by'amateka, umusizi n'umupadiri wa bagatolika . Umusanzu we w'ingenzi yari mu bijyanye na mateka y'abantu .
Nk'umwarimu wa tewolojiya, yakoze ubushakashatsi bw'imbitse mu mateka, imigenzo n'ubuvanganzo bwu Rwanda, kandi yandika ibitabo byinshi, haba mu gifaransa no muri Kinyarwanda . Yanditse kandi imivugo, nayo yasohotse .
Kagame kandi yagize uruhare mu rwego rwa politiki, kandi bamwe mu bahanga b’i Burayi babonaga ko ari umuyobozi w’ubwenge w’umuco w’abatutsi n’uburenganzira ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni guhera muri 1940.
Ubuzima
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kagame yavukiye i Kiyanza - mu Buliza mu Rwanda, mu Murenge wa Murambi, Akarere ka Rulindo, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, avukira ku murongo muremure w'amateka y'urukiko. Umuryango we wari ufite umwanya wo hejuru mu bwami bw'u Rwanda, kubera ko wari mu gatsiko k'abatutsi bari ku butegetsi, kandi ukaba wari n'itsinda ryitwa Abiru, abaminisitiri gakondo mu rukiko rwa bami . Igihe yavukaga, u Rwanda rwari ubukoloni bw'Abadage, ariko Mwami yari agifite imbaraga zitari nke kuko abategetsi b'abakoloni bategekaga mu buryo butaziguye binyuze kuri we. Igihe ako karere kanyuze mu Bubiligi, bamwe mu muryango we bahindukiriye Gatolika . Nyuma yo kwiga amashuri abanza y'abamisiyonari, Kagame yize muri Seminari Nto ya Kabgayi kuva Ukwakira 1928 kugeza 1933. Yakomereje amasomo ye muri Seminari y’akarere ka Nyakibanda ahabwa ubupadiri muri 1941. Muri kiriya gihe, yari umwanditsi w'ikinyamakuru gikomeye Gatolika, mu myaka ya za 1940 na 1950 (Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda). Muri 1950, abaye umunyafurika wa mbere wabaye umunyamuryango muri kaminuza ya babirigi .
Ihinduka ryaje muri 1952, ubwo yandikaga igitabo cyitwa le code des Institutions Politiques de Rwanda ( mu rwego rwo gushyigikira inshuti ye Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa), ibyo bikaba byari uburyo bwo kurengera gahunda y’u Rwanda igengwa n’abakiriya. Ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni bwagerageje guca umubano w’abanyarwanda binyuze mu bakiriya, basanze ibyo bibangamiye imbaraga zabo zo kuyobora ubwami maze bahatira umwepiskopi we kumusubiza i Roma. Agezeyo, yize muri kaminuza ya Geregori kandi afata impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya filozofiya. Yabaye kandi umunyamuryango wa Prêtres Noirs , itsinda ry’abanyeshuri ba tewolojiya ny'afurika bifuzaga gukoresha ubukirisitu nk'ishingiro ry’ibyifuzo byo guharanira inyungu z'Abanyafurika . [1]
Amaze gusubira mu Rwanda mu 1958 yabaye umwarimu mu iseminari gatolika akaba n'umunyamuryango ukomeye w’umuryango w’ubwigenge, nubwo yaba yaramenyekanye n’ubwami bw’abatutsi, ashobora kuba yaramukijije mu myigaragambyo y’abahutu yari iyobowe n’Ububiligi muri 1959 . Nyuma yaje kuba umwe mu barimu ba mbere muri kaminuza nshya y’u Rwanda (1963) ndetse anasura umwarimu muri kaminuza nkuru ya Lubumbashi .
Kagame yakusanyije umubare munini w’inyandiko z’ingenzi zivuye mu bakozi bo mu Rwanda bo mu butegetsi bwa mbere y’abakoloni, ariko yasohoye incamake n’ibisobanuro byazo, ntabwo ari konti zuzuye, kuko yari yarasezeranije abamumenyesha ko bazabikora kugeza igihe barapfuye. Abayobozi b'amadini gatolika y'i Burayi hamwe n'ubuyobozi bw'abakoloni b'Ababiligi ntibakunze byimazeyo ubushakashatsi, inyandiko, na politiki kubera ko basaga nkaho batavuga rumwe n'umushinga wabo nyuma y'intambara yo guhagarika gahunda y'ubwami bw'u Rwanda bashyigikira gahunda ya republika igezweho bashoboye, bizeye, kugira uruhare byoroshye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, itorero na leta mu bihe bitandukanye byamaganaga ibitabo bye haba mu guhagarika ibitabo cyangwa guca ibice mu bitabo. [2] Ibika icumi bifite numero byabuze kuri Alexis Kagame, impine ni 2: 335-336. Byongeye kandi, inyandiko-mvugo ye yo mu 1945 yerekeye abami bo mu Rwanda kode ya Esoteric yumvaga ari akaga ku nyungu z’Ababiligi ku buryo ingabo z’abakoloni zarayambuye, kandi yasohowe mu 1964 gusa n’intiti z’Ababiligi zahakanye ko ari iz'Abagagame, nubwo nyuma zemera ko ari zo . [3] Rimwe na rimwe, Kagame yafungwaga mu rugo n’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bw’abakoloni kugira ngo agabanye ingufu za politiki. [4]
Nyuma y'ubwigenge bw'u Rwanda, yabaye umuvugizi ukomeye wo guharanira Afurika ubukirisitu, akomeza avuga ko imyumvire y'abamisiyoneri yari ikiganje.
Kagame Alexis ni mubyara wa mbere wigeze gukurwa kuri Landoald Ndasingwa na mushiki we Louise Mushikiwabo bamusobanurira ko ari umugabo muremure cyane, usetsa cyane kandi ufite urwenya runini, nubwo abishaka cyane. Mgr. Kagame yapfuye mu buryo butunguranye mu 1981, ubwo yari mu ruzinduko i Nairobi . [5]
Akazi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Politiki
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ku bwa Claudine , intego nyamukuru ya Kagame kwari ugushiraho ubwami bugendera ku itegeko nshinga . [6] Ubushakashatsi bwa Kagame bwerekanaga societe yabanyarwandakazi mbere yubukoroni aho ubuhinzi bwinka bw'ubuhake bwashizeho societe ihuza ituma abantu bagenda neza. Amaherezo yaje gufatanya n’umubiligi w’umuntu w’umubiligi Jacques Maquet , wongeye gukora isomo rya Kagame mubikorwa byamasomo akomeye. Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwamaganye ahanini Kagame Maquet yerekana umuryango udafite ubukoloni mbere y’abakoloni hitawe ku masezerano y’ubutaka bwa uburetwa . Uburetwa yirengagijwe ahanini na Maquet, ubushakashatsi bwe bushingiye ku nyandiko za Kagame. [7] Ishusho ya Kagame yerekana igihugu gihamye, gitera imbere mu mibereho, hamwe namakarita ye yerekana uruhare runini rw’akarere, byakoreshejwe n’umutwe w’igihugu ukunda igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu mpera za 90 kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bategekaga kandi bateye Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya burasirazuba bwa Kongo . [8]
Indimi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Kuba azwi mu ndimi mpuzamahanga bishingiye ahanini ku bikorwa bibiri:
- La Philosophie Bantu Rwandaise de l'Être (1956 ): isesengura ry'ururimi n'umuco bya Kinyarwanda kuko bifitanye isano n'igitekerezo cyabo Kuba. na,
- La Philosophie Bantu Comparée ( 1976 ): Ubushakashatsi bwagutse burimo indimi za Bantu .
Muri iyi mirimo, Kagame agerageza kwerekana ko imiterere yindimi za Bantu igaragaza ontologiya igoye idasanzwe nyafurika muri kamere. Abanegura bavuga ko ashyira ibitekerezo bya Arisitote ku kintu kidafite ishingiro. Muyandi magambo, imiterere yururimi ntabwo yateguwe mubushake, ahubwo, yatejwe imbere kubwigihe kirekire bityo rero niyo mpamvu, ntabwo ari ingaruka, yuburyo abantu batekereza. Nubwo bimeze bityo, muri rusange inKinyarwanda yemerwa kuba rumwe mu ndimi zitondetse, zigoye, kandi zigoye kw'isi.
- Un Abrégé de l'Ethno-histoire du Rwanda . Butare, Éditions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1972-75. Umubumbe wa 2
- Intangiriro aux Grands Genres Lyriques de l'Ancien Rwanda . Butare, Éditions Universitaires du Rwanda, 1969
- Les Milices du Rwanda Précolonial . Buruseli, 1963
Yanditse kandi ibitabo byinshi by'imivugo kandi ahindura Bibiliya mu rurimi rwi Kinyarwanda.
Reba kandi
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Abiru
- Filozofiya nyafurika
- Janheinz Jahn
- Shyira Inyandikorugero
- Guhuza indimi
Inyandiko
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ "Dictionary of African Christian Biography"
- ↑ Honore Vinck, Alexis Kagame and Aequatoria: Contribution to the biography of Alexis Kagame (1912-1981, Annales Aequatoria 1995, 16:467-586
- ↑ M. D'Hertefelt and A. Coupez, La Royauté sacrée de l'Ancien Rwanda, Annales 52, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, 1964; J. Vansina, Useful anachronisms: The Royal esoteric Code, History of Africa 2000, 27:415-421.
- ↑ e.g., Jean-Pierre Harroy, Rwanda: De la féodalité à la démocratie 1955-1962, Hayez, 1984:145, note 1.
- ↑ L. Mushikiwabo and J. Kramer, Rwanda means the Universe: A natives memoir of blood and bloodlines. St. Martins Press, NY, 2006:146-147.
- ↑ Vidal, Claudine (1969) Sociologie des Pasions: Côte de Ivoire, Rwanda. Paris: Editions Karthala (in French) in Pottier 204
- ↑ Pottier 110-111, 204
- ↑ Pottier 46