Jump to content

Ubucuruzi bw'inyoni nyafurika

Kubijyanye na Wikipedia
Inkongoro zo muri Kenya
Ikarita y' Afurika yerekana uko inyoni zagiye zisakara mu bihugu bitandukanye
Inyoni ziboneka mu Rwanda

Ubucuruzi bw’inyoni nyafurika bukubiyemo guhiga, gucuruza, no kugurisha mu buryo butemewe inyoni n’ibice bimwe bizigize nk' nyama z’ibihuru no mu mihango bikoreshwa mu idini, nk'imiti gakondo, muri afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara . Ubu bucuruzi butemewe n’inyoni n’ibisiga bigira uruhare mu kibazo cy’abaturage ku mugabane wa afurika. Mu mwaka wa 2017, Urutonde rw'ibara ritukura rwa IUCN rwashyize mu majwi amoko 7 y’amoko 11 y’inyoni yo muri Afurika nk’ibangamiwe ku isi cyangwa abangamiwe cyane. [1] Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko 90% by’ibinyabuzima by’ibisiga n;inyoni bigabanuka muri Afurika bishobora guterwa no guhumanywa hamwe n’ubucuruzi bw’ibinyabuzima butemewe n'amategeko kugirango bikoreshwenk' imiti cyangwa inyama zo mu bihuru. Ubucuruzi bwose bw'ibisiga n 'inyoni byo muri Afrika ntibyemewe, kuko izo nyoni zirinzwe n'amategeko mpuzamahanga. 

Ubucuruzi bw’ibisiga byo muri Afurika bubarirwa munsi y’ubucuruzi bw’ibinyabuzima, hashingiwe k’ubucuruzi bw’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Inkongoro rimwe na rimwe zihigirwa cyane cyane kuribwa nk'inyama zo mu bihuru cyangwa gukoreshwa mu myizerere gakondo. Ba rushimusi nabo bibasira ibisiga, kabone niyo baba batabihigira iinyama cyangwa gukoreshwa mu ntego ijyanye n'imyizerere . [2] Kubera ko ibisiga bizenguruka imirambo, birashobora gukoreshwa nk'inzira, bikamenyesha abashinzwe inyamanswa ibikorwa byo guhiga. [2] Abahigi b'amahembe y'inzovu hamwe na ba rushimusi b'amahembe baribasiye inkongoro kugirango bagabanye amahirwe yo gufatwa. [2]

Regions of Africa used to describe trends in bushmeat and traditional belief use of vultures. Pink is West Africa, purple is Central Africa, green is East Africa, blue is Southern Africa, and yellow is North Africa.

Bushmeat ni inyama zisarurwa mu nyamaswa zidakorerwa mu rugo zirimo inyamaswa z’inyamabere, amphibian, ibikururuka hasi, n’inyoni. Ba rushimusi bibasira ubwoko bw’ibisimba muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara kugirango basarure ibihuru kandi babikoreshe. Guhiga no gusarura inkongoro mu bucuruzi bw’isoko ubusanzwe bikubiyemo uburozi bw’inyoni zirisha amatungo n’imirambo y’ibinyabuzima hamwe n’ubuhinzi bw'umwimerere . Ibi bikurura inkongoro zo kugaburira. Inyoni zirya inyama zifite uburozi maze zirapfa, bigatuma umusaruro uboneka byoroshye. Nyamara, uburozi ibisiga byinjira byanyuze mu rwego rw'ibiryo bishyira abantu barya izo nyoni nabo bashobora guhura nubwo burozi. Impamvu ebyiri zitera impfu z’ibisimba ni uburozi n’ubucuruzi mugukora buvuzi buri gakondo, izi mpamvu zombi zigize nibura 90% by’impfu zavuzwe .

Afurika y'iburasirazuba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Igisimba cya Ruppell muri Kenya

Mu gihe utundi turere tw'afurika dufite umubare munini w’uburozi bwinshi munyama zo mubihuru, ninako biri no muri afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ibihugu byihariye nka Kenya byahuye n’impfu nyinshi z’inyoni zatewe n’uburozi bujyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’inyama zo mu gihuru, bituma hapfa abantu barenga 3.000 mu gihe cy’amezi 10 gusa. Ibihugu byo muri afurika y'Iburasirazuba, nka Tanzaniya, byagaragaye ko inyama zo mu gihuru ziyongera bitewe no gukenera poroteyine nibindi by'injiza bizikomokaho. Ariko, nta makuru yihariye yerekeye no kugurisha inkongoro ku masoko ya Tanzaniya.

Afurika y'Iburengerazuba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ikarita ya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba

Afurika y'Iburengerazuba igizwe n'ibihugu 15 bikurikira : Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Gambiya, Gineya, Gineya-Bissau, Gana, kote dibuwari, Liberiya, Mali, Nigeri, Nijeriya, Senegali, Siyera Lewone, Togo . Muri ibi bihugu by’iburengerazuba, bamwe bafite abaturage b’agurisha ibisiga bihamye neza nka Hooded Vultures zo muri Gambiya na Gineya-Bissau. [3] Ku rundi ruhande, hari ibihugu nka Senegali bifite uturere twahuye n’igabanuka ry’ibisimba nko 80% mu kinyejana gishize. Ubucuruzi bw'ibisiga nk'inyamanswa, kimwe n'imyizerere, nicyo kintu cya mbere kigabanura ibisimba muri Afrika yuburengerazuba.

Reba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. ↑ CMS Raptors (2017) Multi-Species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures (Vulture MsAP), Summary. UN Environment, Convention on Migratory Species Office - Abu Dhabi. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028221431/https://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/cms_cop12_doc.24.1.4_annex3_vulture-msap_e.pdf
  2. 1 2 3 : 593–596. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ D L Ogada & R Buij (2011) Large declines of the Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus across its African range, Ostrich, 82:2, 101-113, DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2011.603464
  4. Ogada, D., Shaw, P., Beyers, R. L., Buij, R., Murn, C., Thiollay, J. M., ... & Krüger, S. C. (2016). Another continental vulture crisis: Africa's vultures collapsing toward extinction. Conservation Letters, 9(2), 89-97.
  5. Bakarr, Mohamed, William Oduro, and Eureka Adomako. "WEST AFRICA: REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF THE BUSHMEAT CRISIS."
  6. Buij, R., et al. “Trade of Threatened Vultures and Other Raptors for Fetish and Bushmeat in West and Central Africa.” Oryx, vol. 50, no. 04, 14 Aug. 2015, pp. 606–616. CambridgeCore, doi:10.1017/s0030605315000514.
  7. John Hanks (2003) Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in Southern Africa, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 17:1-2, 127-148, DOI: 10.1300/J091v17n01_08
  8. Mullié, W. C., Couzi, F. X., Diop, M. S., Piot, B., Peters, T., Reynaud, P. A., & Thiollay, J. M. (2017). The decline of an urban Hooded Vulture Necrosyrtes monachus population in Dakar, Senegal, over 50 years. Ostrich, 88(2), 131-138.
  9. Nielsen, Martin Reinhardt. "Importance, cause and effect of bushmeat hunting in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania: Implications for community based wildlife management." Biological conservation 128, no. 4 (2006): 509-516.
  10. Ogada, D. L. (2014), The power of poison: pesticide poisoning of Africa's wildlife. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1322: 1–20. doi:10.1111/nyas.12405
  11. Wageningen University. “Raptors in West and Central Africa threatened by trade for bushmeat and fetish.” Phys.org - News and Articles on Science and Technology, Oryx, 24 Aug. 2015, phys.org/news/2015-08-raptors-west-central-africa-threatened.html.
  12. Warchol, G.L., Zupan, L.L., & Clack, W. (2003). Transnational Criminality: An Analysis of the Illegal Wildlife Market in Southern Africa. International Criminal Justice Review, 13(1), 1-27.
  13. Wilkie, D. S., Wieland, M., Boulet, H., Bel, S. L., Vliet, N. V., Cornelis, D., . . . Fa, J. E. (2016). Eating and conserving bushmeat in Africa. African Journal of Ecology,54(4), 402-414. doi:10.1111/aje.12392
  14. Willcock, S., Hooftman, D., Sitas, N., O’Farrell, P., Hudson, M. D., Reyers, B., . . . Bullock, J. M. (2016). Do ecosystem service maps and models meet stakeholders’ needs? A preliminary survey across sub-Saharan Africa. Ecosystem Services,18, 110-117. doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.02.038
  15. Ordaz-Ne´meth I, Arandjelovic M, Boesch L, Gatiso T, Grimes T, Kuehl HS, et al. (2017) The socio-economic drivers of bushmeat consumption during the West African Ebola crisis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(3): e0005450
  16. McKean, S., Mander, M., Diederichs, N., Ntuli, L., Mavundla, K., Williams, V., & Wakelin, J. (2013). The impact of traditional use on vultures in South Africa. Vulture News, 65, 15-36.
  17. Campbell, M. (2009). Factors for the presence of avian scavengers in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Area, 41(3), 341-349. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2008.00870.x
  18. Saale, L. B. (2017). Vulture significance in Ogoni Culture. AFRREV LALIGENS: An International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies, 6(2), 104. doi:10.4314/laligens.v6i2.9
  19. Thiollay, J. (2006). Severe decline of large birds in the Northern Sahel of West Africa: A long-term assessment. Bird Conservation International, 16(4), 353-365. doi:10.1017/S0959270906000487
  20. Adeola, M. (1992). Importance of Wild Animals and Their Parts in the Culture, Religious Festivals, and Traditional Medicine, of Nigeria. Environmental Conservation, 19(2), 125-134. doi:10.1017/S0376892900030605
Garuka kuri "https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubucuruzi_bw%27inyoni_nyafurika&oldid=128949"