Uburyo bwo guhinga imyumbati kijyambere

Intangiriro

Kimwe mu bihingwa bihingwa kuva kera kandi kiri mu biribwa ngandurarugo by’ingenzi ni imyumbati^[2]. Nubwo kera byavugwaga ko ari ibiribwa by’abatishoboye, nyamara kuri ubu siko biri ahubwo isigaye iri mu biribwa biboneka hacye dore ko n’indwara zifata imyumbati zituma umusaruro wayo ugenda ugabanyuka mu Rwanda^[3]. Gusa iri mu biribwa bifite intungamubiri nyinshi ndetse abahanga bavuga ko ushobora kuyisimbuza umuceri dore ko byenda kunganya intungamubiri^[2]. Mu ntungamubiri zibonekamo twavuga ibyongera ingufu, poroteyine, ibinure, ibinyasukari, fibre[[, Vitamini B1, Vitamini B2, Vitamini B3, Vitamin B9, Vitamini C, vitamin K, imyunyungugu nka karisiyumu, phosphore, ubutare, magnesium na sodiyumu. Ibi byose nibyo bituma iba ikiribwa cy’ingenzi kandi gifitiye umubiri akamaro.^[4]^[5]

Aho imyumbati ihingwa kandi yera neza

^[6]Itanga umusaruro mwiza mu Mayaga no mu Mirambi no mu mukenke by’Iburirazuba^[7].

Ubutaka

Ni igihingwa gikunda ubutaka buseseka^[9]

Amoko yamamazwa

^[10]Hari amoko menshi ariko atangwa n’ubishakashatsi ni aya:

Mu Miribwa

Ndamirabana(TME14). Mbakungahaze(95/NA/00063), Cyizere(192/0057),Mbagarumbise.

Mu bwoko bwa Gitaminsi

Creolina na Gakiza

Gutegura umurima

Imirimo isabwa ni ibiri: Kurwanya isuri no gutegura umurima^[11] .

Gufumbira

Bashyira toni 10-20 z’ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza bakongeramo kg 300/Ha za NPK 17.17.17 mu kaziga kazengurutse ingeri zimaze gufata^[12].

Igera imbuto

Haterwa ingeri 10 000 kuri Ha 1 zavuye mu murima w’imyumbati yera neza. Batera ingeri kuri m1 hagati y’imirongo no kuri m1 hagati y’ingeri n’iyindi kandi hagashyirwa ingeri imwe mu mwobo. Igihe cyiza cy’itera : ni hagati y’Ukwakira n’Ugushyingo^[12]

Gufata neza imyumbati mu murima

Nyuma y’ukwezi bamaze gutera imyumbati igomba kubagarwa, bakayisukira imaze kugira cm 60 z’uburebure. Bongera kubagara iyo bibaye ngombwa imyumbati ifite amezi atatu^[12].

Imbyonyi n’indwara

Mu kurwanya ibyonnyi n’indwara, umuhinzi agomba gukoresha ubwoko bwihanganira indwara, guterera igihe akabona gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda^[14] .

Agatagangurirwa

Ni agakoko gafite ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi bita Mononychellus tanaioa^[15] twangiza imyumbati mu gihe cy’izuba. Ku myumbati tugaragara ku mababi yo hejuru akivuka no ku mutwe w’amashami kuko horoshye . Ikimenyetso: amababa usanga ari icyatsi kibisi kivanzemo utubara tw’ umuhondo kandi twinshi. Amababi ata ireme akagwingira ntakure . Ku mutwe w’amashami hasigara utubabi tumeze nk’utwana tw’inyoni .Umwumbati ugira ingingo ngufi cyane^[15] .

Uko barwanya iyo ndwara

Gutera imyumbati yera vuba mu gihe imvura itangiye kugwa no gutera imyaka yihanganira agataganurirwa.

Indwara y’Ububembe

Ni indwara iterwa n’agakoko ka virusi yitwa Cassava Mosaic Virus(CMV), iyo virus ikwirakwizwa n’isazi yitwa Bemisia tabaci .Iyo ndwara ikunze kuboneka hose mu Rwanda.

Ibimenyetso

Indwara itangira ibibabi Bizana amabara y’umuhondo, ahasigaye ari icyatsi hagakomeza gukura ugasanga ikibabi kiri kw’ikunja kunja kigapfunyarara nyuma kikagira amatwi. Iyo bikabije umwumbati ukura nabi ukagwingira.

Uko bayirwanya

Umuhinzi ategekwa kurandura buri giti kirwaye mu murima , guhingira igihe, gutera imbuto nzima kandi z’indobanure kandi zihanganira iyo ndwara. Mu murima hagomba kandi kugirara isuku Imyumbati, no guhinga neza kandi agakumira ingaruka ziterwa na ya sazi.

Igihe yerera

Imyumbati yera hagati y’ameze 18-24 kuri gitaminsi. Naho ku myumbati y’imiribwa ni hagati y’amezi 10-15^[10].

Gusarura no guhunika

Umusaruro ukunze kuboneka uri hagati ya toni 20 na toni 20 z’imyumbati kuri Ha. Naho ku birebana n’ihunika imyumbati iguma mu murima ikazakurwa bibaye ngombwa cyangwa ikabikwa ahantu humutse ari imivunde yumye^[17].

Ishakiro

↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756#:~:text=Cassava%20is%20a%20calorie%2Drich,contain%20up%20to%2025%25%20protein.
↑ http://www.iita.org/news-item/iita-trains-cassava-processors-and-bakers-in-rwanda/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202018%20data,in%20terms%20of%20cultivated%20area.&text=So%20far%2C%20cassava%20has%20only,used%20for%20ugali%20or%20foufou.
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2023-02-26. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/
↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cassava.jpg
↑ http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/07169_Production_techniques_cassava.pdf
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-cassava/#:~:text=Bitter%20cassava%20is%20very%20similar,as%20490%20parts%20per%20million.
↑ https://www.justagric.com/land-preparation-techniques-for-planting-cassava/#:~:text=Cassava%20requires%20a%20sandy%20loam,to%20enable%20it%20retains%20moisture.
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg
↑ https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20127801787
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9colte_du_manioc.jpg
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[1] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cultivateur_de_manioc.jpg

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756#:~:text=Cassava%20is%20a%20calorie%2Drich,contain%20up%20to%2025%25%20protein.

[3] ttp://www.iita.org/news-item/iita-trains-cassava-processors-and-bakers-in-rwanda/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%202018%20data,in%20terms%20of%20cultivated%20area.&text=So%20far%2C%20cassava%20has%20only,used%20for%20ugali%20or%20foufou.

[4] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2023-02-26. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[5] ttps://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323756

[6] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[7] ttps://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/

[8] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cassava.jpg

[9] ttp://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/07169_Production_techniques_cassava.pdf

[:1-10] 10.0 ^10.1 https://www.leaf.tv/articles/types-of-cassava/#:~:text=Bitter%20cassava%20is%20very%20similar,as%20490%20parts%20per%20million.

[11] ttps://www.justagric.com/land-preparation-techniques-for-planting-cassava/#:~:text=Cassava%20requires%20a%20sandy%20loam,to%20enable%20it%20retains%20moisture.

[:2-12] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[13] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Women_in_a_cassava_farm_in_DRC.jpg

[14] ttps://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20127801787

[:3-15] 15.0 ^15.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-10-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[16] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:R%C3%A9colte_du_manioc.jpg

[17] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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