Pariki ya Nyungwe
Pariki ya Gishwati iherereye hagati yakarere ka nyabihu na ngororero, iri shyamba ribitse inyamanswa nyishi ndetse n inyoni ziguruka ,
hamwe ningagi nkeya Inyandikorugero:Infobox protected area Ishyamba rya Gishwati ni ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ryitaweho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, hafi y'ikiyaga cya Kivu . aya mashyamba yatangiye kwitambwaho kuva mumwaka 1978, kandi amashyamba menshi yabayeho kuva muwa 1986. gaye gusa agace gato kazengurutse amashyamba kavukire, 1,500 acres (6.1 km yishyamba ryumwimerere 250.000. Uretse igihombo ukomeye wa rw'ibinyabuzima, ku karere bimwe biboneka isuri no kwangirika no n'inkangu . Ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mumyaka mike ishize byongereye amashyamba kavukire asigaye kuri 2,500 acres (10 km . Inzu nini yicyayi ifata ibice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru ya reuge.
Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryahoze ari igice kimwe muri gahunda igoye y’amashyamba yimvura anyuze hagati ya Afrika. rikunze kuba riherereye hakurya y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu ihuza amashyamba y'imvura yo muri Kongo, n'amajyepfo igahuza n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe . iyi miterere y’amashyamba yacitsemo ibice kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no gutema amashyamba. Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryateje ikibazo aho impunzi zahunze kandi abaturage bariyongera uko abantu bavanywe mu byabo; icyakora ako gace kari karahuye n’imyaka yo guteshwa agaciro mbere ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Aka gace karangiritse kubera ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi kugeza igihe butatanga umusaruro. Isuri, inkangu, kugabanuka kw'amazi, n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka byari byaturutse ku iyangirika ry'ubutaka.
Gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati (GACP) yatangiye mu 2007 ku bufatanye na perezida w’u Rwanda, Paul Kagame, na Great Ape Trust, yashinzwe n’umugiraneza Ted Townsend. Iyi gahunda yatangiranye igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho parike y’igihugu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati no guhagarika kwangirika vuba. Mu 1930 Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryatwaye hegitari 70.000 ariko ryatakaje hafi 90 ku ijana by'igifuniko cyaryo, iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kugarura igihombo gikomeye ako gace kamaze kubona mu myaka icumi ishize bityo ikibanza kikaba Ishyamba ry'amizero. Mu mwaka wa 2011, GACP yasimbuwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’u Rwanda uzwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’amashyamba, kuri ubu ucunga amashyamba ya Gishwati (GFR).
Kuva ishyamba ry'amizero ryabaho habayeho kwiyongera kwa 67 ku ijana by'ubunini bw'ishyamba rya Gishwati. Abaturage ba chimpanzee baho bariyongereye kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoreshejwe muri reuge. Gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati yatangiriye ku cyizere cy'uko mu nzira guverinoma y'u Rwanda izafata ako gace ikayigira parike y'igihugu. Bimwe mubikorwa bya leta no gutangaza amakuru byerekana ko GFR izamurwa muri parike yigihugu mugihe cya vuba. ishyamba rya gishwati 1986 kugeza muwa 2001 Kubera gutema amashyamba ya Gishwati, gutakaza cyane ibinyabuzima byatumye. Fauna yonyine yagabanutseho 99.7%. Ibimera bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabaturage kavukire nabyo byagabanutse cyane. Imbuto zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 93.3%, imboga zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 99,6%, naho imiti yo mu gasozi ikoreshwa n’abaturage kavukire yagabanutseho 79.9%.
Ishyamba ry’amashyamba ryanditseho amoko 58 y’ibiti n’ibiti, harimo ibiti byinshi by’imvukira n’imigano. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku bijyanye no gukwirakwiza karuboni y’ishyamba bwerekanye ko Macaranga kilimandscharica ari ubwoko bw’ibiti bikunze kugaragara mu bice by’ishyamba bitigeze bihungabana. Uturere twahungabanije amashyamba ahura nubuzima bushya byerekana ubukoloni bwa Carapa grandiflora, Entandrophagrama excelsum, na Symphonia globulifera . Ibindi bimera byabigenewe birimo ibiti binini byimeza nubururu bwubururu.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuboneka mubigega. Haboneka amoko ane ya primates, Chimpanzee y'Iburasirazuba (Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii), inkende ya zahabu, inkende y'ubururu, n'inguge ya L'Hoest (izwi kandi ku nguge yo ku misozi). Nubwo atari guhera 2002, ubwoko bwa gatanu bwibinyabuzima, colobus yumukara numweru byavuzwe ko yabonetse. Muri iki gihe habarurwa amashyamba 20 yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 54% mubunini bwabaturage kuva kuri chimps 13 muri 2008, igihe GACP yatangiraga. Harimo impinja eshanu. Ikigereranyo cy'ubucucike bw'ibyari bya chimpanzee wasangaga 1.473 kuri km2 na Dr. Plumptree. Izindi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zirimo inzuzi zitukura ( Potamochoerus porcus ), duiker yimbere yumukara (Cephalophus nigrifrons ), hyrax yo mu majyepfo ( Dendrohyrax arboreus ), serval ( Felis serval ), na Felis aurata .
Fauna Ibindi wahasanga ni amoko 84 ya inyoni, harimo Woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculidae ), White-headed Woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus bollei ), Old World Warblers ( Sylviidae ), na Mountain Yellow Warbler ( Iduna similis ). Igikeri cyamashyamba yijimye hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamasaro ni bumwe mubuzima bwa amphibian buboneka mwishyamba. Ku bijyanye n’ibikururuka, inzoka nini zo mu biyaga binini n’amoko menshi ya chameleone nayo iboneka mu ishyamba rya Gishwati.
Itsinda rito ryitaruye rya chimpanzees yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rituye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati, ahantu hashobora kuba uburiri bwikizamini kuburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage bari baragabanutse kugera ku banyamuryango cumi na batatu kandi bari hafi kurimbuka. Hagati ya 2008 na 2011 abaturage biyongereyeho mirongo ine na batandatu ku ijana bagera ku banyamuryango cumi n'icyenda ku bw'imbaraga za guverinoma y'u Rwanda na gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati . Imbaraga nkizashyizweho kugirango zifashe inguge nini za Gishwati zirashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha inguge nini kwisi. Ishyamba rya Gishwati nubuzima bwibihumbi magana byabanyarwanda batuye hafi ya Gishwati. Ishyamba rifasha kubungabunga uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bikarinda kwangirika. Mu bihe biri imbere irashobora guha ubukungu bwu Rwanda inyungu ziva mu bidukikije binyuze mu binyabuzima biboneka muri ako karere.