Ikirundi
| Ikirundi | |
|---|---|
| Ikirundi | |
 Icyapa cyanditse mu Kirundi gihaza abasura ishyamba rya Bururi | |
| Kivugwa muri | Uburundi, Rwanda, Tanzaniya, RDC, Ubugande |
| Abakivuga | hafi miliyoni 12,5 |
| Umuryango | Indimi z'Ikibantu → Ikinyarwanda-Ikirundi |
| Imvugo | Ikibo, Ikirundi, Ikiragane, Igisoni, Ikinyabweru, Ikiyogoma, Ikimoso |
| Inyuguti | Inyuguti z'Ikilatini |
| Ururimi rw'igihugu | Uburundi |
| ISO 639-1 | rn |
| ISO 639-2 / 639-3 | run |
| Glottolog | rund1242 |
| Guthrie | JD.62 |
Ikirundi (cyitwa kandi Kirundi cyangwa Rundi) ni ururimi rwo mu muryango w'indimi z'Ikibantu, kikaba ururimi rw'igihugu cy'Uburundi. Kivugwa n'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 12,5, cyane cyane mu Burundi, ariko no mu bice byegeranye na bwo by'u Rwanda, Tanzaniya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ndetse no muri Ubugande. Ikirundi n'Ikinyarwanda birumvikana hagati yabyo, kandi byombi bigize itsinda rimwe ry'imvugo zegeranye ryitwa Ikinyarwanda-Ikirundi.
Abakivuga n'aho kivugwa
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ikirundi ni ururimi kavukire rw'abagera kuri 97 % by'abaturage b'Uburundi (abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 11). Kivugwa kandi n'abantu bagera ku 576 000 mu Rwanda, 512 000 muri Tanzaniya na 246 000 mu Bugande.[1][2]
Kivugwa n'Abahutu, Abatutsi n'Abatwa, ndetse n'Abahima. Imvugo z'Ikirundi zo hafi y'umupaka wa Tanzaniya zumvikana n'Igiha, ururimi ruvugwa mu burengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya.
Isano n'Ikinyarwanda
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ikirundi n'Ikinyarwanda ni imvugo ebyiri z'ururimi rumwe, zifite amagambo menshi ahuye n'imiterere y'ikibonezamvugo isa.[3] Bimwe mu bitandukanya izo ndimi zombi bigaragara mu myandikire no mu magambo amwe n'amwe:
| Ikirundi | Ikinyarwanda |
|---|---|
| rimwe | rimwe |
| kabiri | kabiri |
| gatatu | gatatu |
| kane | kane |
| gatanu | gatanu |
| gatandatu | gatandatu |
| indwi | karindwi |
| umunani | umunani |
| icenda | icyenda |
| icumi | icumi |
| icongereza | icyongereza |
| canke | cyangwa |
Imiterere y'ururimi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Amajwi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Abahanga bose bemeranya ko Ikirundi gifite inyajwi eshanu (a, e, i, o, u); buri nyajwi ishobora kuba ngufi cyangwa ndende, kandi iryo tandukaniro rihindura igisobanuro cy'ijambo.[4] Umubare w'ingombajwi wo uratandukana bitewe n'abanditsi, uri hagati ya 19 na 26.[3]
Ikirundi ni ururimi rufite amajwi y'injyana (tons) abiri: ijwi ryo hejuru n'iryo hasi.[5] Gikunze gukoreshwa nk'urugero rw'itegeko rya Meeussen, risobanura uko amajwi y'injyana ahinduka mu ndimi z'Ikibantu.
Imiterere y'amagambo
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ibyumvikanyo by'Ikirundi bigizwe ahanini n'ingombajwi ikurikiwe n'inyajwi (CV). Kimwe n'Ikinyarwanda, Ikirundi gikoresha ibyiciro 16 by'amazina (classes nominales) by'indimi z'Ikibantu; byinshi muri byo bigenda ari bibiri bibiri (ubumwe n'ubwinshi), urugero: umurundi / abarundi.[3] Cyandikishwa inyuguti z'Ikilatini.
Amateka n'ikoreshwa mu butegetsi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Itegeko Nshinga ry'Ubwami bw'Uburundi ryo mu 1962 ryemeje Ikirundi nk'ururimi rwemewe mu butegetsi. Inyandiko nyinshi za Leta, cyane cyane izasohotse mu kinyamakuru Bulletin officiel du Burundi hagati ya 1962 na 1963, zandikwaga mu Igifaransa no mu Kirundi. Nyuma y'aho iryo Tegeko Nshinga rihagarikiwe mu 1966, Ikirundi cyakomeje gukoreshwa nk'ururimi rwemewe, nubwo cyagiye gikoreshwa gake mu nyandiko za Leta.[6] Mu 1972, Ikirundi cyagizwe ururimi rwigishwamo mu mashuri abanza y'u Burundi.[7]
Mu 2020, hashyizweho Akademiya y'Ikirundi (Académie rundi) igamije gutunganya no guteza imbere ururimi.[8]
Inyandiko
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ "Rundi Language". Joshua Project (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- ↑ "Glottolog 4.4 – Rundi". glottolog.org (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2021-10-13.
- 1 2 3 Zorc, R. David; Nibagwire, Louise (2007). Kinyarwanda and Kirundi Comparative Grammar (PDF) (in Icyongereza). Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press.
- ↑ Meeussen, A. E. (1959). Essai de grammaire rundi. Annales du Musée royal du Congo belge, Sciences humaines – Linguistique (in Igifaransa). Vol. 24. Tervuren.
- ↑ de Samie, Thierry (2009). Dictionnaire français-kirundi (in Igifaransa) (2 ed.). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-09185-6.
- ↑ Verdoodt, A. (2011). "Social and Linguistic Structures of Burundi, a Typical 'Unimodal' Country". Language and Society: Anthropological Issues (in Icyongereza). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 509–532. ISBN 9783110806489.
- ↑ Weinstein, Warren (1976). Historical Dictionary of Burundi (in Icyongereza). Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780810809628.
- ↑ Rigumye, Mariette. "Longtemps attendue, l'Académie Rundi ouvre sous peu". IWACU (in Igifaransa). Retrieved 2021-09-10.
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingingo zijyanye
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ihuza ryo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Wikipediya mu Kirundi
- "Rundi". Glottolog (in Icyongereza).
Ibitabo
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Goldsmith, John; Sabimana, Firmard (1989). "The Kirundi Verb". Modèles en tonologie: kirundi et kinyarwanda (in Icyongereza). Paris: Éditions du CNRS. ISBN 9782222043232.
- Meeussen, A. E. (1959). Essai de grammaire rundi (in Igifaransa). Tervuren.
- Zorc, R. David; Nibagwire, Louise (2007). Kinyarwanda and Kirundi Comparative Grammar (in Icyongereza). Hyattsville, MD: Dunwoody Press.