Islamu
 Al-Kaaba mu musigiti mukuru wa Maka | |
| Izina mu Cyarabu | الإسلام (al-islām) |
|---|---|
| Ubwoko | Idini ryemera Imana imwe |
| Imana | Allah |
| Igitabo gitagatifu | Korowani |
| Intumwa | Muhamadi |
| Inkomoko | Maka, Arabiya (ikinyejana cya 7) |
| Ururimi rw'idini | Icyarabu |
| Amatsinda y'ingenzi | Abasuni (87–90 %), Abashiya (10–13 %) |
| Ahantu hatagatifu | Maka, Madina, Yerusalemu |
| Abayoboke | Hafi miliyari 2 (2020) |
| Ijanisha ku isi | Hafi 25,6 % |
Islamu (mu Icyarabu: الإسلام, al-islām, bisobanura « kwiyegurira Imana ») ni idini ryemera Imana imwe (Allah), rishingiye ku nyigisho z'intumwa Muhamadi no ku gitabo gitagatifu cya Korowani. Abayoboke baryo bitwa Abayisilamu. Ryavukiye mu gice cy'Arabiya mu kinyejana cya 7, rikaba ari idini rya kabiri ku Isi mu mubare w'abayoboke nyuma y'Ubukirisitu, rifite abagera hafi kuri miliyari 2, ni ukuvuga hafi kimwe cya kane cy'abatuye isi.
Inkomoko n'amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Muhamadi yavukiye i Maka ahagana mu 570. Nk'uko Abayisilamu babyemera, guhera mu 610 yatangiye guhishurirwa ubutumwa n'Imana binyuze kuri marayika Gaburiyeli; ubwo butumwa nibwo bwakusanyijwe muri Korowani. Mu 622, we n'abayoboke be bimukiye i Madina : uru rugendo rwitwa Hijra ni rwo ntangiriro y'ingengabihe ya kisilamu. Igihe Muhamadi yapfaga mu 632, igice kinini cy'Arabiya cyari kimaze kuyoboka Islamu.[1]
Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, abasimbura be bitwa abakalifa bakwirakwije Islamu vuba cyane : mu gihe kitageze ku kinyejana, ubwami bw'Abayisilamu bwari bugeze kuva muri Esipanye kugera ku Buhinde. Nyuma yaho idini ryakwiriye no muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba n'iy'Iburasirazuba, muri Aziya yo hagati no mu birwa bya Indonesiya, binyuze cyane cyane mu bucuruzi.[1]
Imyemerere
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ishingiro rya Islamu ni ukwemera ko Imana ari imwe rukumbi (tawhid). Abayisilamu bemera kandi abamarayika, ibitabo byahishuwe n'Imana (Torah, Zaburi, Ivanjili na Korowani), intumwa n'abahanuzi barimo Adamu, Aburahamu, Musa na Yesu (Isa), Muhamadi akaba ari we ntumwa ya nyuma, ndetse n'umunsi w'urubanza n'ubuzima bw'iteka.[1]
Amategeko n'imigenzo bya kisilamu (Sharia) ashingiye kuri Korowani no kuri Sunna, ni ukuvuga ibyo Muhamadi yavuze n'ibyo yakoze nk'uko byanditswe muri Hadith.[1]
Inkingi eshanu za Islamu
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Buri Muyisilamu asabwa kubahiriza inkingi eshanu :[1]
- Shahada : kwatura ukwemera ko « nta yindi mana ibaho uretse Allah, kandi Muhamadi ni intumwa ye ».
- Salat : gusenga incuro eshanu ku munsi, bareba i Maka.
- Zakat : gutanga imfashanyo ku bakene, hakurikijwe umutungo umuntu afite.
- Sawm : gusiba kuva umuseke utambitse kugeza izuba rirenze mu kwezi kwa Ramadhani.
- Hajj : gukora urugendo rutagatifu i Maka nibura rimwe mu buzima, ku ufite ubushobozi.
Amatsinda
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Muhamadi, impaka ku bagomba kumusimbura zatumye Abayisilamu bacikamo amatsinda abiri y'ingenzi : Abasuni, bagize hagati ya 87 % na 90 % by'Abayisilamu bose, n'Abashiya, bagize hagati ya 10 % na 13 %, benshi muri bo bakaba batuye muri Irani, Iraki, Azerubayijani na Bahirayini.[2] Hari kandi andi matsinda mato nk'Abibadi, ndetse n'inzira y'ubuyobe bw'imbere yitwa Sufi.[1]
Abayoboke ku isi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Mu 2020, Abayisilamu bari hafi miliyari 2 ku isi, ni ukuvuga hafi 25,6 % by'abatuye isi; ni ryo dini ryiyongereye vuba kurusha ayandi hagati ya 2010 na 2020.[3]
Abarenga 60 % by'Abayisilamu batuye muri Aziya. Igihugu gifite Abayisilamu benshi ni Indonesiya, gikurikirwa na Pakisitani, Ubuhinde na Bangaladeshi. Hafi 20 % gusa nibo batuye mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, aho Islamu yavukiye; muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, igihugu gifite benshi ni Nijeriya.[2]
Islamu mu Rwanda
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Islamu yageze mu Rwanda izanywe n'abacuruzi b'Abarabu n'ab'Abaswahili baturutse ku nkombe z'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (Zanzibar, Tanganyika), ndetse n'abacuruzi bakomoka mu Buhinde, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw'Ababiligi, Abayisilamu bahejwe mu burezi no mu mirimo ya Leta, benshi bagakora ubucuruzi buciriritse mu mijyi.[4]
Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Abayisilamu benshi barinze Abatutsi bari bahungiye iwabo. Nyuma ya jenoside, umubare w'Abayisilamu wariyongereye kubera abantu benshi bayobotse iri dini.[4] Ibarura rya Leta ryo mu 2006 ryagaragaje ko Abayisilamu bari 4,6 % by'abatuye u Rwanda, hafi ya bose bakaba ari Abasuni.[5] Iminsi mikuru ya Eid al-Fitr na Eid al-Adha ni iminsi y'ikiruhuko mu Rwanda.[6]
Inyandiko
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Islam". Encyclopaedia Britannica (in Icyongereza).
- 1 2 "Mapping the Global Muslim Population". Pew Research Center (in Icyongereza). 2009-10-07.
- ↑ "How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020". Pew Research Center (in Icyongereza). 2025-06-09.
- 1 2 Tiemessen, Alana (2005). "From Genocide to Jihad: Islam and Ethnicity in Post-Genocide Rwanda" (PDF). Canadian Political Science Association (in Icyongereza). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10.
- ↑ "Rwanda: International Religious Freedom Report 2007". U.S. Department of State (in Icyongereza). 2007-09-14.
- ↑ "Rwanda: International Religious Freedom Report 2003". U.S. Department of State (in Icyongereza). 2003.
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingingo zijyanye
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ihuza ryo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- "Islam". Encyclopaedia Britannica (in Icyongereza).
