Imari iciriritse mu Rwanda

Umucinga uciriritse wo korora ihene mu rwanda.

Imari iciriritse izwi nka Microfinance urebye ni icyiciro cya serivisi zimari, aho zitangwa k'ubantu cyangwa ubucuruzi buciriritse, aho badafite uburyo bwo kubona amabanki asanzwe cyangwa se serivisi zijyanye nayo hafi yabo. Microfinance ikubiyemo inguzanyo urebye ziciriritse, gutanga inguzanyo nto kubakiriya batishoboye; kuzigama no kugenzura konti ; ubwishingizi ; na sisitemu yo kwishyura, hamwe n'ibindi bikorwa. Serivise z'imari iciriritse zagenewe kugera ku bakiriya batandukanye, urebye ubusanzwe ibyiciro by'abaturage bakennye, bishoboka ko bahejejwe inyuma n'imibereho, cyangwa akarerebatuyemo kari kure ya banki, kandi hari uburyo bashaka kwiteza imbere. RIM Rwanda ni urugero rwikigo cyimari iciriritse.

Imari iciriritse cyangwa Microfinance yabanje kugira ubusobanuro : Ni ugutanga inguzanyo kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo bakennye ndetse n'ubucuruzi buciriritse urebye butabona inguzanyo . Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gutanga serivisi z’imari kubakiriya nkabo ni: (1) zabanki ashingiye ku mibanire ya ba rwiyemezamirimo ku giti cyabo ndetse n’ubucuruzi buciriritse; na (2) icyitegererezo gishingiye kumatsinda, aho ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi bahurira hamwe kugirango basabe inguzanyo n'izindi serivisi nkitsinda. Nyuma y'igihe ariko, microfinance yagaragaye nkigikorwa kinini gifite intego igira iti: "isi aho abantu bose, cyane abakene n’abasigajwe inyuma n’imibereho n’imiryango, bafite amahirwe menshi y’ibicuruzwa na serivisi by’imari bihendutse, byujuje ubuziranenge. Atari gusa inguzanyo ariko nanone kuzigama, ubwishingizi, serivisi zo kwishyura, no kohereza amafaranga . "

Igiciro cy'inguzanyo

Iri duka riri muri Sudani yepfo ryarafunguwe hakoreshejwe amafaranga yatijwe muri Gahunda ya Finance Sudan Limited (FSL). Iyi gahunda yashinzwe muri 2006 nkumwe mu batanga inguzanyo ziciriritse mu gihugu.

Imwe mu mbogamizi nyamukuru urebye z'Imari iciriritse ni ugutanga inguzanyo nto ku giciro cyiza. Ikigereranyo cy’inyungu rusange n’igipimo cy’amafaranga agera kuri 37%, aho ibiciro bigera kuri 70% ku masoko amwe. Impamvu y'inyungu nyinshi ntabwo ahanini igiciro cyigishoro, Mubyukuri, amashyirahamwe yimari iciriritse yakira igishoro cyinguzanyo ari zero ziva kumurongo wa interineti iciriritse Kuva yishyuza inyungu zisanzwe hamwe n'igiciro cya 35.21%. Ahubwo, impamvu nyamukuru yikiguzi kinini cyinguzanyo ziciriritse nigiciro kinini cyigikorwa bya microfinance gakondo ugereranije nubunini bwinguzanyo.

Urugero rwamasezerano yinguzanyo, ukoresheje kubara igipimo kiboneye, uhereye mucyaro cya Kamboje. Inguzanyo ni 400.000 ku nyungu ya 4% (16,000) ku kwezi.

Kugera hamwe nuburebure bwingaruka

Ihene zororerwa n’abagore bo mu Rwanda mu rwego rwa koperative y’ubuhinzi iterwa inkunga na microfinance.

Habayeho impaka zamaze igihe kinini zerekeranye n'uburemere bw'ubucuruzi hagati yo kwegera 'ubushobozi bwikigo cyimari iciriritse kigera kubantu bakennye kandi ba kure n'imari irambye ' (ubushobozi bwo kwishyura amafaranga yacyo - kandi birashoboka kandi ni giciro cyayo cyo gukorera abakiriya bashya uhereye ku mafaranga yinjira). Nubwo muri rusange hemejwe ko abakora ibikorwa by'imari iciriritse bagomba gushaka guhuza izo ntego ku rugero runaka, hariho ingamba zitandukanye, uhereye ku nyungu ntoya yerekanwe na BancoSol muri Boliviya kugeza ku cyerekezo cyinshi kidaharanira inyungu cya BRAC muri Bangaladeshi . Ibi ntabwo ari ukuri ku bigo byihariye, ahubwo nanone kuri guverinoma zifite uruhare mu guteza imbere sisitemu y’imari iciriritse. BRAC yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere utegamiye kuri Leta ku isi muri 2015 na 2016 n'Umujyanama utegamiye kuri Leta ukorera i Geneve.

Abagore bo muri Malawi bifotoza hamwe nagasanduku kabo babikamo ubwizigame.

Abagore

Microfinance iha abagore ku isi serivisi z’imari iciriritse cyane cyane mu cyaro cyane badafite uburyo bwo kubona amabanki gakondo ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa remezo by’imari. Itanga amahirwe ku bagore gutangira no kubaka ubucuruzi bwabo bakoresheje ubuhanga bwabo.

Ihohoterwa

Muri Nijeriya hagaragaye ibibazo by'uburiganya. Amabanki adashidikanywaho yasezeranyije abakiriya bayo inyungu zidasanzwe. Aya mabanki yarafunzwe nyuma gato yuko abakiriya babitsemo amafaranga kandi amafaranga yabo bakayabura. Abayobozi ba Nijeriya y'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubwishingizi bwo kubitsa muri Nijeriya (NDIC) baburiye abakiriya ibyo bita "banki zitangaje". Igikorwa kimwe cyo kubuza abantu kubitsa amafaranga kugirango bibaze amabanki ni manini ituburira imikorere yaya mabanki atangaje.

Ihuza ryo hanze

• Microfinance at Curlie
• Microfinance in Asia and the Pacific: 12 Things to Know Asian Development Bank
• Accion USA's Website, a microlender for businesses in the United States
• USAID Microenterprise Results Reporting (MRR) Portal Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine