Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’amafaranga

Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga ( economic and monetary union, EMU ) ni ubwoko bw’ubucuruzi bugizwe n’isoko rusange, ihuriro rya gasutamo, n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga . EMU yashyizweho binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi, EMU igizwe na gatandatu mu byiciro birindwi mu nzira yo kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu . Amasezerano ya EMU m'ubisanzwe ahuza ubumwe bwa gasutamo nisoko rusange. Ubusanzwe EMU ishyiraho ubucuruzi bw'ubuntu n'igiciro rusange cyo hanze mububasha bwacyo. Yagenewe kandi kurengera ubwisanzure mu kugenda kw'ibicuruzwa, serivisi, n'abantu. Iyi gahunda itandukanye n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga (urugero, Ubumwe bw’amafaranga y’ikilatini ), ubusanzwe ntabwo bukubiyemo isoko rusange. Kimwe n’ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’amafaranga bwashyizweho mu bihugu 27 bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), EMU irashobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’ububasha bwayo mu buryo butandukanye. Uturere tumwe na tumwe tugengwa n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo n’utundi turere tugengwa na EMU. Izi gahunda zitandukanye zirashobora gushirwaho mumasezerano yemewe, cyangwa zirashobora kubaho m'ubyukuri . Kurugero, ntabwo ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bikoresha amayero yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ifaranga, kandi ntabwo ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi biri mu gace ka Schengen . Bamwe mu bagize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitabira ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yombi, ndetse na bamwe muri bo.

Amateka

Ibihugu byinshi byabanje kugerageza gushinga EMU mu nama y'i La Haye muri 1969. Nyuma, hatangajwe umushinga wa gahunda. Muri icyo gihe, umunyamuryango nyamukuru wayoboye iki cyemezo ni Pierre Werner, Minisitiri w’intebe wa Luxembourg . Icyemezo cyo gushinga Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ( EMU ) cyakiriwe mu December 1991, nyuma kiza kuba kimwe mu masezerano ya Maastricht ( Amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ).

Urutonde rwamashyirahamwe yubukungu nifaranga

• Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ( EMU ) ( 1999/2002 ) hamwe na Euro ku banyamuryango ba Eurozone
• de facto ibihugu byigenga muri OECS Ihuriro ry’ifaranga ry’iburasirazuba bwa Karayibe hamwe n’idolari rya Karayibe y’iburasirazuba muri CSME ( 2006 )
• mu byukuri Ubusuwisi - Liechtenstein

Basabye

Umuryango	Ifaranga	Intara	Itariki ntarengwa	Inyandiko
Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC)	Afurika yo hagati CFA franc	Afurika		Ntabwo ikora isoko rusange
Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga rya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (UEMOA)	Afurika y'Iburengerazuba CFA franc	Afurika		Ntabwo ikora isoko rusange
Inama y’ubufatanye mu kigobe (GCC)	Khaleeji	Uburasirazuba bwo hagati		Birashoboka ko zahabu yashyigikiwe, ariko igasubikwa kubera ikibazo cyamafaranga yo muri 2007–2008 .
Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAC)	Amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba	Afurika	2015	Gukoreshwa na Federasiyo ya Afrika yuburasirazuba
Isoko rimwe rya Karayibe nubukungu (nkigice cya CARICOM )		Amerika y'Epfo Karayibe	2015	Kuzuza OECS Iburasirazuba bwa Karayibe
Ihuriro ry’amahoro muri Afurika yepfo (SACU)	Rand yo muri Afrika yepfo	Afurika	2015	de facto kubanyamuryango ba CMA mugihe hashyizweho ubumwe bwubukungu bwa SADC
Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC)	Rand yo muri Afrika yepfo (icyifuzo cy'agateganyo)	Afurika	2016	Kuzuza cyangwa gutsinda urugaga rwa gasutamo ya CMA na Afrika yepfo
Ishyirahamwe rya Aziya yepfo ryubufatanye bwakarere		Aziya yepfo	2016
Ubumwe bw’ibihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo (UNASUR)	Latino	Amerika y'Epfo Karayibe	2019
Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (ECCAS)		Afurika		Kuzuza Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC)
Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS)		Afurika	2020	Kugirango utsinde UEMOA na WAMZ
Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika		Afurika	2028	Reba Ubumwe bw'Afurika
Ubumwe bw'Uburusiya na Biyelorusiya	Uburusiya	Uburayi
Umuryango w’abarabu	Icyarabu	Ibihugu by'Abarabu		Icyarabu Dinar cyasabwe kuva hashyirwaho ikigega cy’imari cy’abarabu, giteganijwe kuri gahunda zikomeye zo kubikora, nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’ubumwe bw’Abarabu .
Ubumwe bw’ubukungu bwa Aziya	Altyn	Aziya	2025	Perezida wa Qazaqistan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, yari yasabye bwa mbere, mu 2009, gushyiraho ifaranga risanzwe ridafite amafaranga ryitwa "yevraz" ku muryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Bivugwa ko byari gufasha mu gukumira ibihugu ibibazo by’ubukungu ku isi. Mu mwaka wa 2012, igitekerezo cy’ifaranga rishya ryahurijwe hamwe cyabonye inkunga ya Vladimir Putin na Dmitry Medvedev maze mu 2014 hategurwa ibyifuzo mu nyandiko za komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugira ngo hashyizweho Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi ndetse n’ifaranga risanzwe ryitwa intangiriro rigomba gutangizwa. muri 2025.

EMU zabanje

• Ihuriro ry’ifaranga ry’Ububiligi - Luxembourg Union Union (1922–2002), ryasimbuwe na EMU y’Uburayi.

Reba kandi

• Ubumwe bw’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru hamwe n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Amero)
• Ubumwe bwa Pasifika (icyifuzo kimwe ku madorari ya Ositarariya )

Ibindi gusoma

• Acocella, N. na Di Bartolomeo , G. na Tirelli, P.
• 978-0865976658

Ihuza ryo hanze

• Ihuriro ry’amafaranga muri Afurika ryegereye hafi
• Reta zunzubumwe za Afrika yepfo?
• Intambwe yambere ya Afrika yuburasirazuba igana ubumwe
• Afurika y'Iburengerazuba ihitamo ubumwe bw'ifaranga
• Ibihugu by'Ikigobe bihatira ifaranga rimwe
• 'Inyungu ntarengwa' ziva mu kigobe cy'ifaranga rimwe
• Ese ibihugu bya Mercosur bikora ahantu heza h'ifaranga? 
• Arijantine irateganya ubumwe bw’amafaranga
• Economist - Amafaranga ya Antipode (Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande)
• Ibitekerezo bitatu ku ihuriro ry’ifaranga rya Australiya
• Impamvu zo gusenyuka kwa Ruble
• Mugushakisha "Ruble Zone"
• OECD Iterambere Ikigo - Rand Zone
• Ifaranga rimwe rya Afrika mugihe cacu?
• Afurika y'Epfo irasaba kwemeza amafaranga nk'ifaranga ry'agateganyo rya SADC