Igishanga

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Kubijyanye na Wikipedia
Igishanga cy'amazi meza

Igishanga . [1] Ibishanga bifatwa nkaho ari inzibacyuho kuko ubutaka n’amazi bigira uruhare mukurema ibidukikije. [2] Ibishanga biratandukanye mubunini kandi biherereye kwisi yose. Amazi yo mu gishanga ashobora kuba amazi meza, . Ibishanga byamazi meza bigizwe n'ibyuzi binini cyangwa ibiyaga aho usanga biterwa cyane namazi yimvura numwuzure wigihe kugirango bikomeze ihindagurika ryamazi. [2] [3] Ibishanga byamazi yumunyu tubisanga kuruhande rwubushyuhe . [4] ibishanga . Mu turere twa boreal yo muri Kanada, ijambo igishanga rikoreshwa mu magambo akunze kwitwa bog, fen, cyangwa muskeg . Bimwe mu bishanga binini ku isi biboneka ku nzuzi nini nka Amazone, Mississippi, na Kongo . [5]

Itandukaniro hagati y'ibishanga n'ibishanga[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Itandukaniro riri hagati yigishanga nigishanga

Ibishanga n'ibishanga ni ubwoko bwihariye bwibishanga bigizwe namazi arimo ubutaka bukize, bwamazi . [6] Ibishanga ni ibishanga, bikomeza cyangwa bikunze kuzuzwa n’amazi atemba , yiganjemo ibimera byoroshye-bitoshye n’ibimera bimera. Ibishanga ni ibishanga bigizwe nubutaka bwuzuye cyangwa amazi ahagaze kandi byiganjemo ibimera byihanganira amazi nkibiti, ibihuru, nibiti. [7] [4]

Ibijyanye n'amazi no munsi yayo[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Ibishanga birangwa nubutaka bwuzuye hamwe namazi agenda buhoro. [7] Amazi yegeranya mu bishanga aturuka ahantu hatandukanye harimo imvura, amazi yubutaka, imiraba na / cyangwa umwuzure wamazi meza. [4] Izi nzira za hydrologic zose zigira uruhare muburyo ingufu nintungamubiri zitembera no hanze yibidukikije. Mugihe amazi atembera mu gishanga, intungamubiri, imyanda hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya bisanzwe. Imiti nka fosifore na azote irangirira mu nzira y'amazi iranyerera kandi igakoreshwa n'ibimera byo mu mazi biri mu gishanga, bigasukura amazi. Imiti yose isigaye cyangwa irenga ihari izegeranya munsi yigishanga, ikurwe mumazi igashyingurwa mubutaka. [2] Ibidukikije bya biogeochemiki y’ibishanga biterwa na hydrology yayo, bigira ingaruka kurwego no kuboneka kwumutungo nka ogisijeni, intungamubiri, amazi pH nuburozi, bizagira ingaruka kubidukikije byose. [4]

Indangagaciro na serivisi y'ibidukikije[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Linnaistensuo Mire, igishanga kibungabunga ibidukikije i Lahti, muri Finilande . [8]

mugihe cya mbere ibishanga byari bifite agaciro gake cyane ugereranije nimirima, ibibaya cyangwa amashyamba. Ibishanga n’ibindi bishanga byagaragaye ko ari uburyo busanzwe bwo gucunga imyuzure no kwirinda. Mu bihe nk'ibi aho imyuzure ibaye, ibishanga bikurura kandi bigakoresha amazi arenze mu gishanga, bikabuza kugenda no kwuzura mu turere tuyikikije. [2] Ibimera byinshi biri mu gishanga binatanga ubutaka ku butaka, bifata ubutaka n’ubutaka mu gihe birinda isuri no gutakaza ubutaka. Ibishanga ni isoko nini kandi yingirakamaro yamazi meza na ogisijeni mubuzima bwose, kandi akenshi usanga byororoka kubwoko butandukanye. Ibishanga by'umwuzure ni umutungo w'ingenzi mu gukora no gukwirakwiza amafi. [9] Bibiri bya gatatu by'amafi n'ibishishwa bisarurwa mu bucuruzi kandi biterwa n'ibishanga. [2]

Ingaruka no kubungabunga[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Amateka, abantu bazwiho kuvoma cyangwa kuzuza ibishanga nibindi bishanga kugirango habeho umwanya munini witerambere ryabantu no kugabanya iterabwoba ryindwara ziterwa nudukoko two mu gishanga. [1] Ibice binini by'igishanga rero byarangiritse. Louisiana itanga urugero rwiza rwokubura igishanga bivuye muribi bintu. [10] Birashoboka ko Uburayi bwatakaje hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibishanga. [11] Nouvelle-Zélande yatakaje 90 ku ijana by'ibishanga byayo mu gihe cy'imyaka 150. Abashinzwe ibidukikije bazi ko ibishanga bitanga serivisi z’ibidukikije zirimo kurwanya umwuzure, umusaruro w’amafi, kweza amazi, kubika karubone, n’aho gutura ku gasozi. [1] Mu bice byinshi byisi abategetsi barinda ibishanga. Mu bice by’Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru, imishinga yo gusana ibishanga iragenda ikwirakwira. [3] [12] [2] Akenshi intambwe yoroshye yo kugarura ibishanga harimo gucomeka imiyoboro y'amazi no gukuraho imiyoboro . [1]

Abafite inshingano mu ibidukikije bakora mu kubungabunga ibishanga nk’ibyo mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Indiana muri Amerika Midwest yabitswe mu rwego rwa Indiana Dunes . [13] [14] [15]

Marsh Abarabu batora mashoof

Marshes ya Mezopotamiya igishanga kinini

Muri Aziya, ibishanga byo mu turere dushyuha biherereye ku mugabane wa Aziya y'Uburasirazuba no muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo, ibishanga biboneka cyane mubutumburuke buke bwinyanja no munsi yinyanja kandi bigera k'untera irenga 100 km (62) mi) hafi y'ibibaya by'inzuzi no hakurya y'amazi.

Igishanga cya Vasyugan ni igishanga kinini mu burengerazuba bwa Siberiya y’Uburusiya .iki no kimwe mu bishanga binini kw'isi kikaba gifite ubuso buruta ubw' ubusuwisi

Igishanga mu majyepfo ya Louisiana

Igishanga cya Atchafalaya ku mpera y’umugezi wa Mississippi nicyo gishanga kinini muri Amerika . Ni urugero rwingenzi rwibishanga bya cypress yepfo [16] ariko byahinduwe cyane no gutema ibiti, kuvoma no kubaka levee. [17] Ibindi bishanga bizwi cyane muri Amerika ni ibice by’amashyamba ya Evergrades, igishanga cya Okefenooke, igishanga cya Barley, igishanga cya cyprees n’igishanga cya Dismal na handi hirya no hino kw'isi. [18] [19]

Igishanga gito muri Padstow, New South Wales, Ositaraliya
Imbere muri kaburimbo, Salt Pan Creek, New South Wales

ibishanga binini birimo amazone na congo. [20] Amajyaruguru, ariko, ibishanga binini ni bogs .

Afurika[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Aziya[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Australiya[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

  • Igishanga cya Coomonderry [22]
  • Igishanga cya Oak Igiti Cyishyamba

Uburayi[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Igishanga cya alder cyirabura mu Budage

Amerika y'Amajyaruguru[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

  • Ubuhungiro bw’ibinyabuzima bya Atchafalaya, Louisiana, Amerika
  • Ikibanza kinini cya Cypress, Floride, Amerika
  • Igishanga cya Barley, Floride, Amerika
  • Umugezi wa Cache, Illinois, Amerika
  • Ikiyaga cya Caddo, Texas / Louisiana, Amerika
  • Igishanga cya Cibuco, Porto Rico
  • Igishanga cya Congaree, Carolina yepfo, Amerika
  • Everglades, Floride, Amerika
  • Parike ya mbere ya Landing, Virginia, Amerika
  • Grand Kankakee Marsh, Indiana, Amerika
  • Igishanga kinini cy'umukara, Indiana / Ohio, Amerika
  • Igishanga kinini cya Cypress, Delaware na Maryland, Amerika, kizwi kandi ku gishanga kinini cya Pocomoke
  • Igishanga kinini cyo kwirukana, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru / Virginia, Amerika
  • Igishanga kinini cy’inyamanswa y’inyamanswa, New Jersey, Amerika
  • Igishanga kibisi, Floride, Amerika
  • Igishanga kibisi, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, Amerika
  • Igishanga cya Honey Island, Louisiana, Amerika
  • Hudson Bay Lowlands, Ontario, Kanada
  • Limberlost, Indiana, Amerika
  • Ibishanga bya Louisiana, Louisiana, Amerika
  • Mingo National Wildlife Refuge, Puxico, Missouri, Amerika
  • Igishanga cya Okefenokee, Jeworujiya / Florida, Amerika
  • Pantanos de Centla, Tabasco / Campeche, Mexico
  • Ikiyaga cya Reelfoot, Tennessee / Kentucky, Amerika
  • Igishanga cya Texas, Texas, Amerika
  • Parike ya Tortuguero, Limón, Kosta Rika

Amerika y'Epfo[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Pantanal muri Berezile

Reba[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Society, National Geographic (2011-01-21). "swamp". National Geographic Society (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2019-09-26.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hughes, F.M.R. (ed.). 2003. The Flooded Forest: Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests. FLOBAR2, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 96 p.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Mitsch, W.J., & Gosselink, J.G.(2015). Wetlands. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  5. ↑ Keddy, P.A., L.H. Fraser, A.I. Solomeshch, W.J. Junk, D.R. Campbell, M.T.K. Arroyo and C.J.R. Alho. 2009. Wet and wonderful: the world's largest wetlands are conservation priorities. BioScience 59: 39–51.
  6. ↑ "Swamps". Nature Works- New Hampshire PBS.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Classification and Types of Wetlands". EPA. 9 April 2015.
  8. ↑ "Linnaistensuo Mire". Visit Lahti. Lahti Region. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  9. ↑ Lowe-McConnell, R. H. (1975). Fish Communities in Tropical Fresh waters: Their Distribution, Ecology and Evolution. London: Long man
  10. ↑ Keddy, P.A., D. Campbell, T. McFalls, G. Shaffer, R. Moreau, C. Dranguet, and R. Heleniak. 2007. The wetlands of lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas: past, present and future. Environmental Reviews 15: 1- 35.
  11. ↑ Dugan, P. (ed.) 2005. Guide to Wetlands. Buffalo, New York. Firefly Books. 304 p.
  12. ↑ Environment Canada. 2004. How Much Habitat is Enough? A Framework for Guiding Habitat Rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern. 2nd ed. 81 p.
  13. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2006). Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 1. "South Shore Journal - Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes". Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  14. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2009). The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation. The South Shore Journal, 3. "South Shore Journal - the Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation". Archived from the original on 2016-01-01. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  15. ↑ Smith, S. & Mark, S. (2007). The cultural impact of a museum in a small community: The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes. The South Shore Journal, 2. "South Shore Journal - the Cultural Impact of a Museum in a Small Community: The Hour Glass in Ogden Dunes". Archived from the original on 2012-11-30. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
  16. ↑ Conner, W. H. and Buford, M. A. (1998). Southern deepwater swamps. In Southern Forested Wetlands: Ecology and Management, eds. M. G. Messina and W. H. Conner, pp. 261–87. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
  17. ↑ Reuss, M. (1998). Designing the Bayous: The Control of Water in the Atchafalaya Basin 1800–1995. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Office of History.
  18. ↑ Natural Communities of Louisiana: Bayhead Swamp/Forested Seep. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  19. ↑ Texas Parks and Wildlife. Ecological Mapping systems of Texas: West Gulf Coastal Plain Seepage Swamp and Baygall. Retrieved 7 July 2020
  20. ↑ L.H. Fraser and P.A. Keddy (eds.). 2005. The World's Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 488 p.
  21. ↑ "Lions of the Okavango". Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  22. ↑ Price, C., & Kelly, A. (2011). National Wetlands Update 2011 (No. 19; Annual Update for Australia’s Wetland Community, p. 56). Australian Government. https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/766781bf-a9d9-4c04-8a96-77bccd2e0426/files/wa-19.pdf
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