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Gutema amashyamba n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere

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Igipimo cy’uburinganire bw’amashyamba cyerekana ihindura amashyamba asigaye
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Agace k’amashyamba igipimo cy’imihindagurikire y’igihugu muri 2020

Gutema amashyamba ni uruhare runini mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, [1] [2] kandi imihindagurikire y’ikirere igira ingaruka ku mashyamba. [3]

Ihinduka ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka, mu buryo bwo gutema amashyamba, ni isoko rya kabiri rinini rya ya karuboni yo mu kirere, nyuma yo gutwikwa na peteroli . [4] Imyuka ya parike isohoka mugihe cyo gutwika biyomasi yishyamba no kubora ibikoresho byi bimera bisigaye hamwe na karuboni yubutaka . Icyitegererezo cyisi yose hamwe nu bubiko bwa parike yi gihugu itanga ibisubizo bisa kubyangiza amashyamba. [5]muri 2019 , gutema amashyamba bishinzwe hafi 11 ku ijana mu byuka bihumanya ikirere . Ibyuka byangiza imyuka yo gutema amashyamba birihuta. [6] [7] Gukura amashyamba ni karuboni ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere . Zimwe mu ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nk’umuriro mwinshi, [8] zishobora kongera amashyamba.

Ubworozi

Gutema amashyamba biza muburyo bwinshi: umuriro w’ishyamba, gutema ubuhinzi, korora amatungo, no gutema ibiti, . Umubare munini wi bikorwa byu buhinzi bivamo amashyamba biterwa inkunga n’imisoro ya leta . [9] Amashyamba afite 31 ki ijana yubutaka bwisi kandi buri mwaka kilometero kare 75.700 ( bingana na hegitari miliyoni 18.7) zishyamba ziratakara. [10] Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’isi kibitangaza, habayeho kwiyongera kwa 12 ku ijana mu gutakaza amashyamba y’ibanze yo mu turere dushyuha kuva muri 2019 kugeza 2020. Gutema amashyamba menshi bikomeje kubangamira amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, na serivisi y'ibidukikije batanga. Igice nyamukuru gihangayikishijwe no gutema amashyamba ni mumashyamba yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha kubera ko atuwe n’ibinyabuzima byinshi ku isi.

Imihindagurikire y’ibihe

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Impamvu zitera amashyamba

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Amakamyo yo gutema ibiti bya Moreland

Ubworozi

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Ubworozi bw'amatungo busaba igice kinini cy'ubutaka bwo korora amashyo y'amatungo n'ibihingwa by'amatungo kubyo abaguzi bakeneye. Nk’uko ikigega cy'isi cyita ku nyamaswa kibitangaza, "Ubworozi bw'inka nini ni bwo bwa mbere mu guteza amashyamba mu bihugu hafi ya byose bya Amazone, kandi bingana na 80% by'amashyamba muri iki gihe." [11] Ubworozi bw’amatungo bwashinzwe muri Tejas mugihe cya Misiyoni ya Espagne, hagati ya 1820 na 1865 kandi bwari butwarwa ahanini n’inka zo muri Mexico. [12] [13] Nyuma, ubwo ubutumwa bwari bumaze gufungwa maze abapadiri n'abasirikare bava muri ako gace ariko bagasiga inka inyuma, umurimo wafashwe n'abenegihugu ku giti cyabo. [13] Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu, Texans yatangiye gukusanya inka no kugurisha amajyaruguru muri leta nka Kansas na Illinois. [13] Nk’uko bitangazwa na Greenpeace, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta uharanira ibidukikije ku isi, inganda z’inka nizo zifite uruhare runini mu kohereza imyuka ya metani kubera ko 60% by’inyamabere zose ku isi ari inka z’amatungo. Gusimbuza ubutaka bw’amashyamba n’inzuri bitera igihombo cy’amashyamba, ibyo bikaba biganisha ku kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gutwika uburyo bw’ubuhinzi no guhindura imikoreshereze y’ubutaka. [14]

Kwagura ubuhinzi

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Amazone yatemye-yaka ubuhinzi, Kolombiya

Reba

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. ↑ Sutter, John D. (13 August 2015). "10 climate change villains". CNN. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  2. ↑ : 139. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ US EPA, OAR (2022-10-19). "Climate Change Impacts on Forests". www.epa.gov (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2023-03-03.
  4. ↑ "Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions | CO2 Human Emissions". www.che-project.eu. Retrieved 2020-03-20.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :3
  6. ↑ : 444–451. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Greenfield, Patrick (2022-02-28). "Deforestation emissions far higher than previously thought, study finds". The Guardian (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  8. ↑ : 981. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ "Government Subsidies for Agriculture May Exacerbate Deforestation, says new UN report". 3 September 2015.
  10. ↑ "Deforestation and Forest Degradation". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  11. ↑ "Unsustainable Cattle Ranching". World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  12. ↑ "BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Cattle ranching - a brief history" (in British English). Retrieved 2018-04-29.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "The Texas Tradition of Cattle Ranching Began in Tejas | THC.Texas.gov - Texas Historical Commission". www.thc.texas.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-28.
  14. ↑ : e20210262. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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