Ikawa
| Ikawa | |
|---|---|
 Agakombe k'ikawa | |
| Ubwoko | Ikinyobwa |
| Inkomoko | Etiyopiya, Yemeni |
| Yatangiye kunyobwa | Ikinyejana cya 15 |
| Ikorwa mu | Imbuto z'igiti cya kawa (Coffea) |
| Amoko y'ingenzi | Arabica, Robusta |
| Ibiyirimo by'ingenzi | Kafeyine |
| Ibihugu bya mbere biyihinga | Burezile, Viyetinamu, Kolombiya |
Ikawa ni ikinyobwa gitegurwa hifashishijwe imbuto z'igiti cya kawa (izina ry'ubumenyi mu kilatini: Coffea) zabanje kumishwa, gukarangwa no gusebwa. Ikunze kunyobwa ishyushye kandi irimo kafeyine, ikintu gikangura umubiri n'ubwonko. Ni kimwe mu binyobwa binyobwa cyane ku isi, kandi ni igihingwa ngengabukungu gikomeye mu bihugu byinshi byo mu turere dushyuha, harimo n'u Rwanda.
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Igiti cya kawa gikomoka muri Etiyopiya. Ibimenyetso bya mbere byizewe by'abantu banywa ikawa ni ibyo mu kinyejana cya 15 muri Yemeni, aho abayoboke ba Islamu b'Abasufi bayinywaga kugira ngo bakomeze kuba maso mu masengesho ya nijoro. Nyuma yaho yakwiriye mu bihugu by'Abarabu, i Burayi, hanyuma ku isi yose.[1]
Amoko n'itegurwa
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Amoko abiri y'ingenzi ahingwa ku isi ni Coffea arabica (bita Arabica) na Coffea canephora (bita Robusta).[2]
Imbuto z'ikawa zitukura iyo zihishije. Zimaze gusarurwa zikurwamo ibishishwa, zikumishwa, zigakarangwa, zigasebwa, hanyuma ifu yazo ikavangwa n'amazi ashyushye. Ikawa ishobora kunyobwa yonyine cyangwa ivanze n'amata n'isukari.[2]
Burezile ni cyo gihugu cya mbere ku isi gihinga ikawa nyinshi; ibindi bihugu bikomeye muri uru rwego ni Viyetinamu, Kolombiya, Indonesiya na Etiyopiya.[2]
Ikawa mu Rwanda
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ikawa yazanywe mu Rwanda n'Abadage mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ahagana mu mwaka wa 1900. Ku butegetsi bw'Ababiligi, guhinga ikawa byabaye itegeko ku bahinzi.[3] Ubushakashatsi kuri iki gihingwa bwatangiye mu 1930, ubwo hageragezwaga imbuto zitandukanye z'ikawa zivuye i Mulungu (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo).[4]
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, umushinga Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages (PEARL) wafashije abahinzi kuzamura ubwiza bw'ikawa, hubakwa inganda zoza ikawa, kandi ikawa y'u Rwanda itangira kumenyekana ku masoko mpuzamahanga y'ikawa y'akarusho.[5] Mu Rwanda hahingwa cyane cyane Arabica yo mu bwoko bwa Bourbon.[3]
Ikawa iri mu bihingwa byinjiriza igihugu amadovize menshi, nyuma y'icyayi. Icyakora ihura n'ibibazo by'ibyonnyi n'indwara, uburyo bwo guhinga butanoze n'imbuto zidatanga umusaruro uhagije.[4]
Ikawa n'ubuzima
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Nk'uko Ikigo cy'Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano w'ibiribwa (EFSA) kibivuga, gufata kafeyine igera kuri miligarama 400 ku munsi ntibitera ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu bakuru bazima; abagore batwite basabwa kutarenza miligarama 200 ku munsi. Kurenza urwo rugero bishobora gutera kubura ibitotsi, guhangayika no gutera cyane k'umutima.[6]
Mu 2016, Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubushakashatsi kuri kanseri (IARC) cyanzuye ko nta bimenyetso bihagije byerekana ko kunywa ikawa bitera kanseri; ariko kunywa ibinyobwa bishyushye cyane (birenze dogere 65) bishobora kongera ibyago bya kanseri y'umuhogo.[7]
Inyandiko
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ "History of coffee". Encyclopaedia Britannica (in Icyongereza).
- 1 2 3 "Coffee". Encyclopaedia Britannica (in Icyongereza).
- 1 2 Essa, Azad (2018-09-11). "Rwanda's slow-brewing love affair with coffee". Al Jazeera (in Icyongereza).
- 1 2 "Porogaramu y'Ikawa". ISAR. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12.
- ↑ Fraser, Laura (2006-08-06). "Coffee, and Hope, Grow in Rwanda". The New York Times (in Icyongereza).
- ↑ "Caffeine". European Food Safety Authority (in Icyongereza). 2015-05-27.
- ↑ "IARC Monographs evaluate drinking coffee, maté, and very hot beverages" (PDF). International Agency for Research on Cancer (in Icyongereza). 2016-06-15.
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingingo zijyanye
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ihuza ryo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- "Porogaramu y'Ikawa". ISAR. Archived from the original on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-09.
