Urubuga rwibiryo byubutaka (soil food web)
Urubuga rwibiryo byubutaka ni umuryango wibinyabuzima bibaho byose cyangwa igice cyubuzima bwabo mubutaka. Irasobanura uburyo bugoye bwo kubaho mubutaka nuburyo bukorana nibidukikije, ibimera, ninyamaswa.
Urubuga rwibiryo rusobanura ihererekanyabubasha hagati yubwoko bwibinyabuzima . Mugihe urunigi rwibiryo rusuzuma inzira imwe, umurongo, imbaraga zinyuze mubidukikije, urubuga rwibiryo ruragoye kandi rwerekana inzira zose zishoboka. Byinshi muri izo mbaraga byimuwe bituruka ku zuba. Ibimera bikoresha ingufu zizuba kugirango bihindure ibinyabuzima bidafite ingufu, ibinyabuzima bikungahaye, bihindure dioxyde de carbone n imyunyu ngugu mubikoresho byibimera na fotosintezeza . Indabyo ziterwa ziva mu mbuto zikungahaye cyane ku butaka no mu mizi y’ibimera zisohora aside, isukari, na ectoenzymes muri rhosikori, bigahindura pH no kugaburira urubuga rwibiryo munsi yubutaka. [1] [2] [3]
Ibimera byitwa autotrophs kuko bikora imbaraga zabyo; bitwa kandi ababikora kuko bitanga ingufu ziboneka kubindi binyabuzima kurya. Heterotrophs ni abaguzi badashobora gukora ibiryo byabo. Kugirango babone ingufu barya ibimera cyangwa izindi heterotrophs.
Ubushakashatsi[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
miterere yubutaka ituma kwitegereza neza ibiryo byibiribwa bigorana. Kubera ko ibinyabuzima byubutaka bifite ubunini kuva munsi ya 0.1 mm (nematode) kugeza kurenza 2 mm (inzoka zisi) hariho inzira nyinshi zitandukanye zo kuzikuramo. Ingero zubutaka akenshi zifatwa hifashishijwe icyuma. Makrofauna nini nk'inzoka zo mu isi hamwe n'udukoko tw’udukoko birashobora gukurwaho n'intoki, ariko ibi ntibishoboka kuri nematode ntoya hamwe na arthropodes. Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukuramo ibinyabuzima bito bifite imbaraga; biterwa n'ubushobozi bwibinyabuzima bwo kuva mu butaka. Kurugero, umuyoboro wa Berlese, ukoreshwa mugukusanya arthropodes ntoya, ukora urumuri / ubushyuhe mukigereranyo cyubutaka. Mugihe microarthropodes igenda, kure yumucyo nubushyuhe, bigwa mumurongo no mumashanyarazi. Uburyo busa, Baermann funnel, ikoreshwa kuri nematode. Umuyoboro wa Baerman utose, ariko (mugihe umuyoboro wa Berlese wumye) kandi ntabwo biterwa nurumuri / ubushyuhe. Nematode iva mu butaka ikajya munsi ya ruhurura kuko, uko igenda, iba yuzuye amazi kandi ntishobora koga. Ubutaka bwa mikorobe zirangwa muburyo bwinshi butandukanye. Igikorwa cya mikorobe gishobora gupimwa nubuhumekero bwabo no kurekura karuboni. Ibice bigize selile ya mikorobe birashobora gukurwa mubutaka kandi bigashyirwa ahagaragara, cyangwa biomass ya mikorobe irashobora kubarwa mugupima ubutaka mbere na nyuma yumwotsi.
Ubwoko bwurubuga rwibiryo[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwibiryo byerekana urubuga: ibiryo bya topologiya (cyangwa gakondo), ibiryo bitemba hamwe nimbuga zikorana. Uru rubuga rushobora gusobanura sisitemu haba hejuru no munsi yubutaka.
- Topological webs
- Flow webs
- Interaction web