Umugezi wa Perkerra

Umugezi wa Perkerra ni uruzi mu kibaya kinini cya Rift muri Kenya kigaburira amazi meza Ikiyaga cya Baringo. Ninzuzi zonyine zimaze igihe kinini mubutaka bwumutse kandi bwumutse bwintara ya Baringo. Umugezi wa Perkerra utanga amazi muri Gahunda yo Kuhira Perkerra mu magorofa ya Jemps hafi y'Umujyi wa Marigat, mu majyepfo y'ikiyaga [3]

Gufata

Ikiyaga cya Baringo gitemberwamo umugezi wa Perkerra.

Uruzi rufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,207 (466 sq mi). Irazamuka mu ishyamba rya Mau ku rukuta rwo mu burengerazuba bw'ikibaya cya Rift kuri metero 8000 (m 2,400), ikamanuka ikagera kuri metero 3200 ku munwa ku kiyaga. Agace kafashwe gafite imisozi ihanamye kumusozi, igororotse hepfo hepfo. Amazi menshi ava mumisozi, aho imvura yumwaka iba kuva kuri milimetero 1100 (43 in) kugeza kuri milimetero 2700 (110 muri). Agace gakikije ikiyaga ni igice cyumukindo, imvura igwa buri mwaka ya milimetero 450 (18 muri) hamwe n’umwuka uhumeka wa milimetero 1,650 (65 muri) kugeza kuri milimetero 2300 (91 muri).[5]

Guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1800, ikibaya cya alluvial hafi y'ikiyaga cyigaruriwe n'abantu ba Njemps, ubwoko bufitanye isano na Maasai. Bakoresheje inzitizi ya brushwood kugirango bazamure urwego rwinzuzi bareke amazi atemba hejuru yubutaka. Inzitizi yari gusenywa numwuzure wigihe, ukeneye gusimburwa, ariko sisitemu yari ihamye. Umushakashatsi w’Ubwongereza Joseph Thomson yasuye Perkerra mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda hamwe na karwi ye maze agura ingano mu baturage baho, akura akoresheje uburyo bwabo bwo kuhira akoresheje ibase n'imigezi.[7]

Hamwe n’Abanyaburayi binjiye muri ako karere, abantu n’amatungo bariyongereye. Ibyatsi byo hejuru byafashwe byaragiye, isuri yiyongera kandi igipimo cyo gutemba nacyo cyiyongera, bituma imyuzure rimwe na rimwe. Sisitemu ya bariyeri ya brushwood ntishobora guhangana numwuzure maze Njemps ihinduka abashumba. Kurisha cyane, amapfa no gutera inzige byateje ikibazo cyibiribwa mu mpera za 1920. Mu myaka ya za 1930, ubuyobozi bwa gikoloni bwatangiye gutekereza ku kuhira imyaka, kandi ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 1936, nubwo nta kintu cyakozwe mu myaka runaka.[8]

Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra

Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra yatangijwe mu 1952 mugihe cyihutirwa. Kubaka byatangiye mu 1954.> Abafunzwe bakoze umuhanda bategura ubutaka bwo kuhira. Umushinga wihuse, uhenze kubishyira mubikorwa no kubungabunga, hamwe nibisubizo bike. Habayeho ingorane zo guhinga ibihingwa no kubigurisha. Benshi mu bahinzi bakodesha batuye umushinga nyuma baragenda. Kugeza 1959 hafashwe umwanzuro wo gufunga gahunda, yari ifite imiryango 100 gusa, ariko ibi byahinduwe bikomeza ibikorwa bike. Mu 1962, gahunda yaguwe, kandi mu 1967 hari amazu 500 yo guhinga, nubwo hakenewe inkunga [3]

Gahunda yo kuhira Perkerra ubu ifasha ingo zigera kuri 670. Ubuso bwose bwo kuhira ni hegitari 2,340 (hegitari 5.800) ariko hegitari 810 gusa (hegitari 2000) nizo zatejwe imbere yo kuhira imyaka kandi muri hegitari 607 (hegitari 1.500) zirahingwa kubera kubura amazi. Kera ibihingwa nyamukuru byari ibitunguru, chili, garizone, pawpaws na pamba. Ibigori byatangijwe mu 1996 kandi byagaragaye ko byoroshye ku isoko. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cya Kenya gifite ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu Mujyi wa Marigat cyuzuza gahunda yo kuhira [10]

Ibibazo n'ibikorwa

Ubu usanga nta bimera biboneka mubibaya mumezi umunani cyangwa icyenda yumwaka usibye ibishanga byo mumigezi yo hepfo yinzuzi za Molo na Perkerra ndetse no kuruhande rwibiyaga bikikije umunwa. Ibishanga, ahanini bitwikiriwe n’ibyatsi bimera kandi byuzuyemo amezi abiri gusa yumwaka, bitanga ubwatsi kubashumba. Abashumba babanje kugira amasambu menshi, ariko bamwe babuze abahinzi bimukiye muri kariya gace, abandi muri gahunda yo kuhira. Abashumba bavuga ko ingomero zo kuhira zagabanije urugero rw’umwuzure w’umwaka bityo bikagabanya ubwatsi bw’inzuri.[12]

Hamwe n'ibiti bito bitwikiriye igice kinini cyo hasi, ubutaka burashonga byoroshye kandi imyanda myinshi ishyirwa mukiyaga cya Baringo. Hagati ya 1972 na 2003 ubujyakuzimu bw'ikiyaga bwaragabanutse buva kuri metero 26 (metero 26) bugera kuri metero 2,5 (8 ft 2 muri). Ikiyaga cyagabanutse kuva kuri kilometero kare 160 (62 sq mi) mu 1960 kugeza kuri kilometero kare 108 (42 sq mi) mu 2001. Igenda iba umunyu, kandi amafi aragabanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2010 bwerekanye ko uruzi rwabaye ibihe. Ubushakashatsi bwasabye gushyira mubikorwa ikigega giteganijwe, cyangwa ibidukikije. Byatekerezwaga ko umushinga w’urugomero rwa Chemususu kuri umwe mu masoko akomeye ya Perkerra, ugomba gutangizwa mu 2011, uzagabanya ingaruka z’ikigega ku bakoresha amazi mu gihe uruzi rutuma rwose. Urugomero ruzaba rufite metero kibe 11,000,000 (390.000.000 cu ft) kandi ruzatanga litiro 35.000.000 (7.700.000 imp gal; 9.200.000 gal gal Amerika) buri munsi, bihagije kubantu 200.000. [14]

Amashyirahamwe y’abakoresha amazi yinzuzi mu turere two hejuru yinzuzi za Perkerra na Molo yagiye atera ingemwe z'ibiti, arinda inkombe z'umugezi kandi asana uduce twangiritse bitewe no gusarura umucanga na kariyeri. Perkerra RWUA nayo yarinze amasoko, impungenge zihariye kuva amasoko 30 kuri 72 muri kariya gace yaretse gutemba[14]