Uburezi bw'umugore

Uburezi bw'umugore ni ijambo rifatika ry'ibibazo byinshi n'impaka zijyanye n'uburezi ( amashuri abanza, amashuri yisumbuye, amashuri makuru, ndetse n'ubuzima bw'umwihariko) ku bakobwa n'abagore. Bikunze kwitwa uburere bwabakobwa cyangwa uburere bwumugore. Harimo ibice byuburinganire no kugera ku burezi. Uburezi bw'abagore n'abakobwa ni isano ikomeye yo kurwanya ubukene. Ingingo nini zifitanye isano zirimo kwigisha igitsina kimwe nuburere bw’amadini kubagore, aho uburezi bugabanijwemo uburinganire. Ubusumbane mu burezi bw’abakobwa n’abagore buragoye: abagore n’abakobwa bahura n’inzitizi zitagaragara zo kwinjira mu ishuri, urugero, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore cyangwa kubuza abakobwa kujya ku ishuri, mu gihe ibindi bibazo biri kuri gahunda kandi bitagaragara neza, urugero, siyanse, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi n imibare (STEM) uburezi butandukanye bushinze imizi, ndetse no muburayi no muri Amerika ya ruguru. ^[1] Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’iburengerazuba, abagore barenze abagabo mu nzego nyinshi z’uburezi. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika muri 2005/2006, abategarugori babonye 62% byimpamyabumenyi, 58% byimpamyabumenyi, 60% byimpamyabumenyi, na 50% bya dogiteri.^[2]

AKAMARO K' UBUREZI BW' UWANA W' UNUKOBWA

Kurera umwana w' umukobwa ni ugushyigikira iterambere ry' igihugu n' umugabane muri rusange, madamu Jeanette KAGAME umufasha wa Perezida wa repuburika y' u Rwanda akaba n' umuyobozi wa Imbuto Foundation yabigarutseho mu nama y' urubyiruko ya YouleadAfrica, yabereye i Arusha muri Tanzania mumpera za 2021 ahayabivuze mu magamba ya Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem agira ati" Biragoye kubona isi nziza utitaye k' iterambere ry' umugore" kandi rero nta terambere ridashingiye k' uburezi n' uburere. ^[3]

Ibibazo muburezi

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore

Muri Pakisitani, habonetse umubano mubi hagati yurwego rusanzwe rwuburezi umugore ageraho ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa uwo mugore (Nyuma, 2013). Umushakashatsi yakoresheje urubura rworoshye, uburyo bwo gutoranya aho abitabiriye. Ibibazo byimyitwarire nibanga byatumye ubu buryo bworoshye. Uwatanze amakuru yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya amakuru hanyuma agenzurwa. Icyitegererezo cy’abakorewe ihohoterwa cyari kigizwe n’abagore bubatse kuva ku myaka 18-60 haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi. Ubushakashatsi bwasobanuye uburyo butandukanye bwihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri risanzwe rihari kandi ritanga igitekerezo cy’ibyo abagore banyuramo, ndetse no mu baturage (icyaro n’umujyi). Uburezi muri ubu bushakashatsi bwashimangiwe ko ari igisubizo kandi gikenewe mu gukuraho ihohoterwa. Ikiganiro cyimbogamizi za politiki n’imibereho kirakenewe. ^[4]Umubano uragoye cyane kuruta uko bigaragara, abagore barashobora kutamenya gusoma no kwandika ariko bagakomeza imbaraga (Marrs Fuchsel, 2014). Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) bagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwujuje ibyiciro 8 kugeza ku 10 bitabiriye amahugurwa, kandi barangiza gahunda y'ibyumweru 11 bishingiye ku kwihesha agaciro, kumenyekanisha ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, n'imibanire myiza. Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) nitsinda ryibasiwe cyane n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Nubwo iyi gahunda yabereye hanze yishuri gakondo, ibiganiro, gutekereza kunegura, no kumererwa neza mumarangamutima byarashimangiwe, ahantu hagomba kuboneka mugihe mwishuri. Ubwanyuma, nubwo benshi mubagore batazi gusoma no kwandika baracyashoboye kuvamo bafite imbaraga zo kugenzura ubuzima bwabo, ubuhanga bwubuzima. ^[5]

Ubushobozi bw'umugore

Sisitemu yuburezi iratandukanye mubuyobozi, integanyanyigisho n'abakozi, ariko byose bigira ingaruka kubanyeshuri bakorera. Nkuko abagore babonye uburenganzira, uburezi busanzwe bwabaye ikimenyetso cyiterambere nintambwe igana ku buringanire. Kugirango uburinganire nyabwo bubeho, hagomba gufatwa inzira yuzuye. Ikiganiro cyimbaraga zumukobwa nuburere bwumugore nkigisubizo cyo gukuraho ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore no guterwa nubukungu kubagabo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufata umwanya munini bikavamo guhagarika kumva uburyo imiterere, amateka nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kubagore (Khoja-Moolji, 2015). Kurugero, mugihe umunyamabanga wa leta wahozeho, Hillary Clinton, yavuze ku byago bya Malala Yousafzai muri Pakisitani ndetse n’abakobwa bashimuse i Chibok, muri Nijeriya nk’ikigereranyo, bakoresheje uburezi bw’abakobwa nkibibandwaho, amateka n’imiterere. Icyatumye iraswa rya Malala ryagabanutse kuba gusa yiyigisha nk'umukobwa. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika kwivanga, ubukene, na ruswa na guverinoma ntibyakemuwe. ^[6]

Sisitemu yuburezi hamwe n’ishuri bigira uruhare runini mu kumenya inyungu z’abakobwa mu masomo atandukanye, harimo n’amasomo yimibare ubutabire na tekinologi , ashobora kugira uruhare mu kongerera ubushobozi abagore mu gutanga amahirwe angana yo kubona no kungukirwa n’uburezi bufite ireme. ^[7]

Ubwoko bwihariye bwuburezi

Kwigisha ikoranabuhanga

Ikwirakwizwa rya tekinoloji ya sisitemu na serivisi za digitale byatumye ubumenyi bwa digitale busabwa kugira uruhare rugaragara muri sosiyete . Uyu munsi, kudashobora kuyobora interineti bitera ingaruka. Mugihe izo mbogamizi zigeze kuba zimwe mubihugu bikize, ubu zifite akamaro kwisi yose, kubera ikwirakwizwa ryihuse kandi rikomeje kwikoranabuhanga rya enterineti. ^[8]Guha ibikoresho abategarugori nabakobwa bafite ubumenyi bwa digitale bifasha kubashyira muburyo bungana nabagabo bazi imibare, kandi bikingura amahirwe atabarika yo kongera ibigo no guhitamo. Urubuga hamwe na porogaramu zigendanwa kubuzima nuburenganzira bwemewe, kurugero, birashobora gufasha abagore gufata ibyemezo byokwirinda no kwita kuri bo ubwabo nimiryango yabo, mugihe imbuga nkoranyambaga hamwe n’itumanaho rya digitale bituma abagore bakwirakwiza amakuru kandi bagasangira ubumenyi burenze aho batuye.^[9]

Amahirwe yo kwiga kuri interinet , kuva kuri porogaramu yo gusoma no kwandika kugeza kumurongo wa interineti ( MOOCs ) kubyerekeye amasomo atandukanye nka astronomie no kwita kuri bene wabo bakuze bafite ikibazo cyo guta umutwe, birashobora gufungura inzira nshya yuburezi, cyane cyane kubakobwa batiga ndetse nabagore bakuze. ^[10] Imashini zishakisha akazi hamwe nu mbuga za interineti zumwuga zituma abagore bahatanira isoko ryumurimo, mugihe e-ubucuruzi hamwe na serivise za banki zikoreshwa muburyo bwa banki birashobora kubafasha kongera ubwigenge no kwigenga. ^[11]

Uburezikubabana Nubumuga

Uburezi ku bagore bamugaye nabwo bwateye imbere. Muri 2011, Giusi Spagnolo abaye umugore wa mbere urwaye Syndrome ya Down yarangije kaminuza i Burayi (yarangije muri kaminuza ya Palermo mu Butaliyani). ^[12] ^[13]

References

[:8-1] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335

[2] ttp://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_178.asp

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20220930115552/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yasabye-ko-uburezi-bw-abakobwa-buhabwa-umwihariko-mu

[4] ttps://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F188100

[5] ttps://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1064075

[6] ttps://doi.org/10.1080%2F15595692.2015.1010640

[:82-7] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335

[:9-8] ttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf

[:92-9] ttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf

[10] ttps://www.wired.com/2015/10/why-siri-cortana-voice-interfaces-sound-female-sexism/

[:93-11] ttps://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf

[12] ttps://www.lastampa.it/2011/03/22/italia/a-palermo-la-favola-della-down-diventata-dottoressa-RK1UzN9gPjq5siRois5ApO/pagina.html

[13] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20130925122858/http://www.lottimista.com/2011/04/18/giusi-spagnolo-la-prima-laureata-down-d%E2%80%99italia/

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