Ubumuga bugira ingaruka mubushobozi bwubwenge
Iki nigitekerezo cyagutse gikubiyemo impamvu zitandukanye zakangiza ubwenge cyangwa imitekerereze y'umuntu, harimo ubumuga bw'ubwenge (bwahoze bwitwa retardation mental ). [1]
Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, buzwi kandi nk'ubumuga bwo kwiga muri rusange, [2] kandi mbere buzwi ku izina ryo kudindira mu mutwe (ijambo ubu rifatwa nk'ibitutsi ), [3] [4][5] Imyitwarire igaragara mbere yo gukura. Mu mateka yasobanuwe nk'amanota ya Intelligence Quotient (IQ) munsi yimyaka 70, ariko ubu busobanuro burimo ibice byombi bijyanye n'imikorere yo mumutwe ndetse nibijyanye nubuhanga bwimikorere yabantu mubidukikije, bityo IQ ntabwo arimpamvu yonyine.
Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bugomba kuba bwaragaragaye mugihe cyiterambere, ntabwo ari mukuru. Ibinyuranye, abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutamenya, cyangwa mbere bari bafite IQ isanzwe, ariko noneho bagaragaza urujijo, kwibagirwa ningorabahizi kwibanda; ubumuga bwo kutamenya busanzwe bukomeretsa ubwonko, ingaruka ziterwa n'imiti, no guta umutwe.
Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga ni mubyiciro birimo imvururu nyinshi aho umuntu agira ikibazo cyo kwiga muburyo busanzwe, akenshi biterwa nimpamvu cyangwa ibintu bitazwi, ariko rimwe na rimwe biterwa n'ubwonko cyangwa ibindi bibazo byubuvuzi. [6] Bitandukanye nubundi bumuga bwubwenge, ntabwo bwerekana urwego rwubwenge rusange, kandi abahanga benshi kubwibyo ntibabona ko ari ubumuga bwubwenge nyabwo. Ahubwo, abantu bafite ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga bafite ikibazo cyo gukora ubwoko bwubuhanga bwubwenge cyangwa niba bwigishijwe muburyo busanzwe. Ubumuga bwihariye bwo kwiga ntibushobora gukira cyangwa gukosorwa, ariko ingaruka zirashobora kugabanywa hakoreshejwe ingamba zitandukanye zo kwiga.
Gukomeretsa ubwonko[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Gukomeretsa ubwonko (ABI) ni kwangirika kwubwonko guterwa nibyabaye nyuma yo kuvuka, aho kuba mubice byindwara cyangwa ivuka. Mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka kumikorere, mumubiri, amarangamutima, imibereho cyangwa yigenga. ABIs ishobora guturuka ku gukomeretsa ubwonko cyangwa gukomeretsa bidahungabana nka stroke, kwandura cyangwa kunywa ibiyobyabwenge. Ibisobanuro byinshi bya ABI ukuyemo indwara ya neurodegenerative disorders.
Abantu bafite ikibazo cyubwonko barashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura, guhuza no kumenyekanisha ibitekerezo byabo nibikorwa byabo. Bashobora cyangwa ntibashobora kugumana ubushobozi bwabo bwubwenge, bitewe nubwoko bwimvune. Nyamara, ubushobozi bwubwenge bwumuntu ufite ikibazo cyubwonko bushobora kubangamirwa no guhuza ibitekerezo hamwe ningorane zo gutumanaho, ibyo bikaba bishobora kubagora kwigaragaza muburyo bwumvikana kubandi. Ibi birashobora gutanga ibitekerezo byibinyoma byubwenge bwangiritse no mubantu bafite ubushobozi busanzwe bwubwenge.
Indwara zifata ubwonko[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Indwara zifata ubwonko zose zirimo gutakaza buhoro buhoro imiterere cyangwa imikorere ya neuron, harimo nurupfu rwa neuron. Indwara nyinshi zifata ubwonko zirimo Parkinson, Alzheimer, na Huntington zibaho bitewe na neurodegenerative. Mugihe ubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere, ibintu byinshi bisa bigaragara bifitanye isano nizi ndwara kurwego ruto. Kuvumbura ibyo bisa bitanga ibyiringiro byiterambere ryubuvuzi rishobora gukiza indwara nyinshi icyarimwe.
Kubaho ufite ubumuga bwo kumenya[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana akamaro ko guha abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ubundi buryo hamwe n’aho bumva ko barimo kandi bashobora kwerekana ibisobanuro byabo bwite byubushobozi nicyo ari "ibisanzwe." [7]
Indanganturo[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
- ↑ "Inclusive Education". Teachers Without Borders Resources. PBworks. Archived from the original (Wiki) on 2017-07-22. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
- ↑ Special Education Support Service General Learning Disabilities Ireland Archived copy
- ↑ Special Education Support Service General Learning Disabilities Ireland Archived copy
- ↑ Kaufman, Alan S. (2009). IQ Testing 101. New York: Springer Publishing. pp. 114–115. ISBN 978-0-8261-0629-2.
- ↑ Plomin, Robert; DeFries, John C.; Knopik, Valerie S.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M. (2012). Behavioral Genetics. Shaun Purcell (Appendix: Statistical Methods in Behavioral Genetics). Worth Publishers. p. 163. eISSN 1573-3297. ISBN 978-1-4292-4215-8. ISSN 0001-8244.
However, the term mental retardation is now considered pejorative,
- ↑ "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) Version for 2010". World Health Organization. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ↑ Dalton, A. J.; Janicki, Matthew P. (1999). Dementia, aging, and intellectual disabilities: a handbook. Philadelphia, PA: Brunner/Mazel. p. 12. ISBN 0-87630-916-3. OCLC 39223703.