IGIHINGWA CY'IKIGORI MU RWANDA

Intangiriro

^[3]Ikigori, Mu Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihingwa byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y`imbaturabukungu mu buhinzi. Kugira ngo umusaruro wabyo ube mwinshi ku buso buto dufite^[4]. Ni ngombwa ko abahinzi bita ku mihingire ya kijyambere ariyo: Kumenya ubutaka ibigori byeraho^[5], Uko bafumbira umurima w`ibigori, Imbuto y`ibigori ikwiye guterwa, Uko batera ibigori, Kubagara no kumenera, Kwicira, Gusukira, Uko bafumbiza ifumbire ya ire, Uko barwanya indwara n`ibyonnyi by`ibigori, Uko basarura ibigori, Guhungura, Guhunika^[6].

Aho ibigori byera

Ibigori byera hafi ya hose mu Rwanda. Ikigori gikenera ubutaka bwiza bufi te isi ndende, bubika amazi neza kugira ngo gitange umusaruro mwiza. Umurima uhingwamo ibigori ugomba kuba^[7] : ¾ Utavuyemo ikindi kinyampeke (amasaka, ingano, umuceri, n`ibindi) ¾ Uhinze neza utarimo urwiri n`ibindi byatsi bibi ¾ Ufumbiye neza hakoreshejwe ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda ¾ Urwanyijemo isuri^[8].

Gufumbira umurima w’ibigori

Ifumbire y`imborera iboze neza ingana n`ibilo 100 ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 (Toni 10 kuri Hegitari). Ifumbire y`imborera ikoreshwa mu gihe cyo gutabira cyangwa mu gutera. Ifumbire mvaruganda: Ibilo bibiri n`igice (2.5)bya NPK 17-17-17 cyangwa ikilo kimwe (kg 1) cya DAP. Iyo wakoresheje DAP, wongeramo ikilo kimwe cya Ire ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 mu gihe cyo gusukira. Mu butaka busharira wongeramo ibilo 25 by`ishwagara mu murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10 (toni 2.5 kuri hegitari) mu gihe cyo gutegura umurima^[9].^[10]

Imbuto y’Ibigori Imbuto y`indobanure

Iba ifite icyemezo cy`ubuziranenge gitangwa na RAB, ifite ibisobanuro bya ngombwa byanditswe ku cyo ipfunyitsemo, Kuba iberanye n`akarere igiye guhingwamo, Ifite impeke z`ibara rimwe kandi zose zingana, Kuba ihungiye kandi intete zayo zitaratobowe n`udusimba, zitaraboze cyangwa ngo zimeneke, Kuba ari nzima imera byibuze kugera ku kigero cya 85%, Kuba itavangiye (idafi te imyanda) nibura ku gipimo cya 98% (pureté spécifi que), Kuba yumye neza ifi te ubuhehere bukwiye ni kuvuga ku gipimo cya 15% (taux d’humidité)^[10],^[12]

Gutera ibigori

Uteganya imbuto ingana n`ibilo 2.5 ku murima w`intambwe 10 ku 10, Guca imirongo ifi te intera ya cm 75 hagati y’umurongo n’undi, Guca utwobo tw’imbuto dufi te intera ya cm 30 cyangwa 50 hagati y’utwobo, Gushyira ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda muri buri kobo, Gutwikiriza ifumbire itaka kugira ngo idahura n’imbuto ikayitwika, Gutera imbuto mu twobo no kuyitwikira^[12].^[13]

Icyitonderwa

Igikwiye gushimangirwa, igihe imbuto yatewe kuri cm 30 haterwa ibigori bibiri hagasigaramo kimwe igihe cyo kwicira, Igihe imbuto yatewe kuri cm 50 haterwa ibigori bitatu hagasigaramo bibiri igihe cyo kwicira^[13].

Kwicira

Bicira igihe ibigori bifite amababi abiri cyangwa atatu yuzuye (arambuye kandi agaragaza ibice byose bigize ibabi ry’ikigori). Icyo gihe biba bimaze ibyumweru nka 3 bitewe. Iyo bicira ibigori bahera ku bigaragaza uburwayi cyagwa bitakuze neza cyangwa biboneka ho inenge iyo ariyo yose. Iyo byose ari byiza nabwo, ni ngombwa ko kimwe kirandurwa. Uwicira arandura ikigori acyerekeje ku ruhande, naho iyo akiranduye acyerekeje hejuru, ashobora kwangiza n’ikigori kizasigaramo Icyitonderwa, Kwicira bituma ibigori bidacuranwa ifumbire n`urumuri. Ibigori biticiye birangwa no kuba birebire cyane kubera gushaka urumuri bikagira n’uruti rutoya n’utugori duto cyane^[14].^[10]

Gusukira

Igikorwa cyo gusukira cyangwa kuhira bikorwa ibigori bimaze ibyumweru 6 bitewe bifi te nk`intambwe 1.5 z`ikiganza. Usukira azamura ubutaka akabutwikiriza imizi. Gusukira bituma imizi yose iba mu butaka igakora imirimo yayo yo kugaburira igihingwa no kugishyigikira bityo ntikibe cyagushwa n’umuyaga. Mu gihe cyo gusukira niho bashyiramo ifumbire mvaruganda ya ire^[15] .

Nkongwa y' ibigori

Aho nkongwa yanyuze hagaragazwa n’imyobo ndetse n’agafu ku mababi n’aho yanyuze yinjira mu mubyimba w’ikigori. Nkongwa ishobora no kwinjirira hasi igacukura umurima w`ikigori izamuka. Kuyirwanya: Gutera ku gihe, Gusimburanya ibihingwa, Gutera imiti (Chloropyriphos-ethyl, Bull doc, n’iyindi).

Icyitonderwa: Nkongwa igaragara cyane mu gihe cy’izuba^[16]^[17]

AKAMARO K'IBIGORI

1.NI ISOKO Y'IBIRYO

2.BYONGERA IMIBERERHO MYIZA Y'ABATURAGE

Ishakiro

↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Zea_mays_Plant_Row_2000px.jpg
↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_crop_in_Zerok_District.jpg
↑ file:///C:/Users/GuestBo/Downloads/minagri_ibigori.pdf
↑ https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/smallholder-farmers-secure-multi-billion-maize-market
↑ https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/local-start-comes-farmers-rescue-battle-against-aflatoxinpostharvest-losses
↑ https://www.arc.agric.za/arc-gci/Fact%20Sheets%20Library/Maize%20Production.pdf
↑ https://knoema.com/atlas/Rwanda/topics/Agriculture/Crops-Production-Quantity-tonnes/Maize-production
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2023-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_Corn.jpg
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
↑ https://urwenya.wordpress.com/category/ubuhinzi/page/7/
↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021002140
↑ http://www.krishisewa.com/disease-management/288-dmaize.html
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases

[1] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corn_Zea_mays_Plant_Row_2000px.jpg

[2] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_crop_in_Zerok_District.jpg

[3] :///C:/Users/GuestBo/Downloads/minagri_ibigori.pdf

[4] ttps://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/smallholder-farmers-secure-multi-billion-maize-market

[5] ttps://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/local-start-comes-farmers-rescue-battle-against-aflatoxinpostharvest-losses

[6] ttps://www.arc.agric.za/arc-gci/Fact%20Sheets%20Library/Maize%20Production.pdf

[7] ttps://knoema.com/atlas/Rwanda/topics/Agriculture/Crops-Production-Quantity-tonnes/Maize-production

[8] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[9] "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[:0-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2023-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[11] ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maize_Corn.jpg

[:1-12] 12.0 ^12.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[:2-13] 13.0 ^13.1 "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[14] ttps://urwenya.wordpress.com/category/ubuhinzi/page/7/

[15] ttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021002140

[16] ttp://www.krishisewa.com/disease-management/288-dmaize.html

[17] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_maize_diseases

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