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Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga

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Ikirango cy’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga

Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ni uguhana imari, ibicuruzwa, na serivisi ku mipaka cyangwa intara mpuzamahanga [1] kubera ko hakenewe cyangwa hakenewe ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. [2] (reba: Ubukungu bw'isi)

Mu bihugu byinshi, ubwo bucuruzi bugaragaza umugabane munini w’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu (GDP). Mu gihe ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwabayeho mu mateka (urugero: Uttarapatha, Umuhanda wa Silk, Umuhanda wa Amber, guharanira Afurika, ubucuruzi bw’abacakara ba Atlantike, imihanda y’umunyu), ubukungu, imibereho myiza, na politiki byagiye byiyongera mu binyejana byashize.

Gukora ubucuruzi kurwego mpuzamahanga ninzira igoye iyo ugereranije nubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu. Iyo ubucuruzi bubaye hagati y'ibihugu bibiri cyangwa byinshi ibintu nk'ifaranga, politiki ya guverinoma, ubukungu, inzego z'ubutabera, amategeko, n'amasoko bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi.

Mu koroshya no gutsindishiriza inzira y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bifite ubukungu butandukanye mu bihe bya none, hashyizweho imiryango mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu mpuzamahanga, nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi. Iyi miryango ikora mu rwego rwo korohereza no kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Serivisi z’ibarurishamibare z’imiryango ihuriweho na leta n’ibihugu n’ibigo bishinzwe ibarurishamibare bya leta bitangaza imibare yemewe ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Ibiranga ubucuruzi bwisi yose

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Igicuruzwa cyimurwa cyangwa kigurishwa mu ishyaka mu gihugu kimwe kijya mu kirori mu kindi gihugu ni ibyoherezwa mu gihugu cyaturutse, kandi bitumizwa mu gihugu cyakira ibyo bicuruzwa. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa bibarwa kuri konti iriho mu gihugu mu gihe cyo kwishyura.

Gucuruza kwisi yose birashobora guha abaguzi nibihugu amahirwe yo guhura namasoko nibicuruzwa bishya. Ibicuruzwa hafi ya byose birashobora kuboneka kumasoko mpuzamahanga, kurugero: ibiryo, imyenda, ibice byabigenewe, amavuta, imitako, vino, ububiko, amafaranga, namazi. Serivisi nazo ziracuruzwa, nko mubukerarugendo, amabanki, ubujyanama, no gutwara abantu.

Inzira za kera zubucuruzi bwa Silk Road zambukiranya Aziya.

Ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere (harimo ubwikorezi), isi yose, inganda, inganda n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri sisitemu mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi

Ishuri ryigisha ibyubucuruzi

Isoko ryubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

Ibyambu bigira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya New York na New Jersey cyakuze kiva ku cyambu cya mbere gihuza uruzi rwa Hudson n'umugezi w'Iburasirazuba ku kigobe cyo hejuru cya New York.

Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, muri rusange, ntaho butandukaniye n’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu kuko intego n’imyitwarire y’amashyaka agira uruhare mu bucuruzi bidahinduka cyane hatitawe ku kuba ubucuruzi bwambuka umupaka cyangwa butarenga.

Nyamara, muburyo bufatika, gukora ubucuruzi kurwego mpuzamahanga mubisanzwe ni inzira igoye kuruta ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu. Itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga busanzwe buhenze kuruta ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu. Ibi biterwa nuko ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka busanzwe butanga amafaranga yinyongera nkamahoro asobanutse kimwe nimbogamizi zidasobanutse cyangwa zidasobanutse nkibiciro byigihe (kubera gutinda kumupaka), imvugo n’umuco bitandukanye, umutekano wibicuruzwa, byemewe n'amategeko Sisitemu, n'ibindi.

Irindi tandukaniro hagati y’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu n’amahanga ni uko ibintu by’umusaruro nk’imari shingiro n’umurimo bikunze kugenda cyane mu gihugu kuruta mu bihugu. Niyo mpamvu, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bugarukira gusa ku bucuruzi bwibicuruzwa na serivisi, kandi ku rugero ruto rwo gucuruza imari, umurimo, cyangwa ibindi bintu bitanga umusaruro. Ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa na serivisi birashobora kuba umusimbura wubucuruzi mubintu byumusaruro. Aho gutumiza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, igihugu gishobora gutumiza ibicuruzwa bikoresha cyane ibyo bicuruzwa bityo bikabigaragaza. Urugero rwibi ni ibyo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu Bushinwa. Aho gutumiza imirimo y'Abashinwa, Amerika itumiza ibicuruzwa byakozwe n'umurimo w'Abashinwa. Raporo imwe yo mu mwaka wa 2010, yavugaga ko ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwiyongereye igihe igihugu cyakiraga ihuriro ry’abimukira, ariko ingaruka z’ubucuruzi zacogoye igihe abimukira binjiraga mu gihugu cyabo gishya. [4]

Igihe cyubucuruzi mpuzamahanga

Amateka yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga yerekana amateka yibintu byagize ingaruka mubucuruzi no mubukungu butandukanye.

Indangamurongo

[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_trade