Sisitemu ikomatanyije yo kubika amakuru y'ahateza ibiza

Guhuza hagati yisuzuma rya IRIS, Isuzuma ryibyago no gucunga ibyago

Sisitemu ikomatanyije y'amakuru y'ahateza ibiza (IRIS) ni gahunda yo gusuzuma ibidukikije ikorwa n’ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA). Gahunda ya IRIS yibanze ku gusuzuma ingaruka, kandi ntabwo ari ugucunga ibyago (izo nzira zifata ibyemezo zirimo gusesengura ibitekerezo, amategeko, imibereho myiza nubukungu bijyanye ningaruka zirimo kwigwa).

Amateka

Ku ikubitiro, mu myaka ya za 1980, gahunda ya IRIS yashyizeho ububiko bw’isuzuma ry’ubuzima bw’abantu ku bijyanye n’ingaruka z’imiti mu bidukikije. EPA yashyizeho ububikoshingiro kugirango itange uburyo buhamye bwo gusuzuma ingaruka mu mategeko atandukanye y’ibidukikije Ikigo cyashyize mu bikorwa kandi kigashyira mu bikorwa.

Porogaramu yashizweho na EPA mu 1985. Ku ikubitiro, intego ya gahunda kwari ugutezimbere ubudahwema mu isuzuma ry’ikigo cy’uburozi bw’imiti . Ububiko bwa IRIS bwashyizwe ahagaragara bwa mbere mu 1987. Mu 1996, EPA yashyize mu bikorwa inzira nshya yo kubaka ubwumvikane hagati y’ibigo no kunoza imikorere muri data base ya IRIS. Muri uwo mwaka, EPA yashyizeho isuzuma ry’uburozi bwa IRIS, ryerekanye inyandiko ya mbere y’isuzuma ry’ubuzima ku kigo. Muri Werurwe 1997, ububiko bwa IRIS bwashyizwe kuri interineti. Mu 2004, gahunda ya IRIS yarahinduwe kugirango hongerwemo inzego ziyobowe n’ibiro bishinzwe imiyoborere n’ingengo y’imari (OMB) no gushimangira cyane urungano rw’urungano rw’isuzuma rya IRIS.

Gahunda y'icyo kigo yongeye gusubirwamo muri Mata 2008. Mubindi bintu, gahunda nshya ivuguruye yatanze amahirwe yubushakashatsi bwo kuziba icyuho cyamakuru ku miti ikomeye. Umwaka ukurikira, inzira yarahinduwe kugirango yorohereze gahunda yo gusuzuma kugirango ibyinshi mubisuzumabumenyi byashyirwa kububiko bwa IRIS mugihe cyimyaka ibiri uhereye igihe byatangiriye. Muri 2013, EPA yatangaje ko igiye kunoza imikorere y'icyo kigo mu rwego rwo kurushaho gukorera mu mucyo, imikorere, n’ishingiro rya siyansi ry’isuzuma ry’ikigo. Muri uwo mwaka, inyandiko zo Gusubiramo Uburozi bwa porogaramu zaravuguruwe kugira ngo zirusheho gusobanuka, kuri gahunda kandi zihamye. Ukuboza 2015, gahunda ya IRIS yasohoye gahunda yayo ya mbere y’imyaka myinshi, yerekanaga isuzuma ry’imiti ya mbere iyi gahunda izibandaho mu myaka iri imbere. 

IRIS inzira yo guteza imbere isuzuma ryubuzima bwabantu

Igikorwa cya IRIS gifata amezi agera kuri 26 kugeza kuri 39 kugirango kirangire, bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo gusuzuma, igice cyo gusuzuma kigatwara hagati y amezi 15 na 24. Inzira itangirana nibyo EPA ivuga nkicyiciro cya "Igenamigambi na Scoping". Muri iki cyiciro, abasesengura ibyago bazasuzuma urugero n’imbogamizi zishoboka zemewe n’uburyo amakuru azakoreshwa. Nyuma yicyiciro cya Igenamigambi na Scoping, EPA ikoresha gahunda yintambwe ndwi yo gusuzuma ibyago bitangirana numushinga wo gusuzuma bikarangirira gutangazwa kurubuga rwa IRIS. Igikorwa cyo gusuzuma kigenda gikurikira:

Isano hamwe nisuzuma ryibidukikije

IRIS ifungura umushinga wo gusuzuma kugirango abahanga basuzume kugirango basuzume inzira y'ibikorwa bikenewe kubibazo bihuye. Ibikorwa bifatwa ninzego zishinga amategeko nyuma yo gusuzuma ingaruka nurwego rwibikorwa bigomba gufatwa kubibazo bihuye. Isano iri hagati ya IRIS nisuzuma ryibidukikije (EIA) nuko IRIS itanga data base ikoreshwa mubikorwa bya EIA. Amashyaka yo hanze (abahanga, intiti, amategeko) bafata ibyemezo bishingiye kububiko bwa IRIS. Inkunga y'ibi byemezo ituruka ku gushyigikirwa  bivuye muri gahunda nka Strategic Environmental assessment (SEA) na OMB.