Iyangirika ry'ubutaka

Iyangirika ry'ubutaka ni inzira aho agaciro k'ibinyabuzima kagira ingaruka ku guhuza ibikorwa biterwa n'abantu bikora ku butaka. ^[1] Bifatwa nkimpinduka zose cyangwa imivurungano kubutaka bubonwa ko budasiba cyangwa butifuzwa. ^[2] Ibyago bisanzwe bivanwaho nkimpamvu; icyakora ibikorwa byabantu birashobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye nkumwuzure numuriro wibihuru.

Impuguke z’impuguke zerekana ko iyangirika ry’ubutaka rizaba insanganyamatsiko y’ikinyejana cya 21, ikagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, ihinduka ry’ibidukikije, n’ingaruka zabyo ku kwihaza mu biribwa . ^[3] Bigereranijwe ko hafi 4% yubutaka bwubuhinzi ku isi bwangiritse cyane. ^[4]

Raporo idasanzwe yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ubutaka bw’akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe : "Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ubutaka butagira urubura ku isi bugira ingaruka mbi ku bantu (icyizere giciriritse). Isuri y’ubutaka buturuka mu mirima y’ubuhinzi bivugwa ko kugeza ubu inshuro 11 kugeza kuri 20 (nta guhinga) kugeza ku nshuro zirenga 100 (guhinga bisanzwe) hejuru y’ikigereranyo cy’ubutaka (icyizere giciriritse). " . ^[5]

Ingaruka

Hariho inzira enye zingenzi zo kureba iyangirika ryubutaka ningaruka zaryo kubidukikije:

Kugabanuka by'agateganyo cyangwa guhoraho mubushobozi butanga umusaruro w'ubutaka. Ibi birashobora kugaragara binyuze mu gutakaza biomass, gutakaza umusaruro nyawo cyangwa mubishobora kubyara umusaruro, cyangwa gutakaza cyangwa guhinduka mubiterwa byibimera nintungamubiri zubutaka .
Igikorwa mubushobozi bwubutaka bwo gutanga umutungo wimibereho yabantu. Ibi birashobora gupimwa uhereye kumurongo fatizo wo gukoresha ubutaka bwashize.
Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima: Gutakaza amoko y'ibinyabuzima cyangwa urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bigoye nko
Iyangirika ry'ubutaka
kugabanuka kw'ibidukikije.
Guhindura ingaruka z’ibidukikije: kongera intege nke z’ibidukikije cyangwa abantu kurimbuka cyangwa ibibazo. Ibi bipimirwa hifashishijwe umurongo shingiro muburyo bwo guhura nibibazo byokubaho cyangwa kurimbuka.

References

↑ Conacher, Arthur; Conacher, Jeanette (1995). Rural Land Degradation in Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press Australia. p. 2. ISBN 0-19-553436-0.
↑ Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Garfield Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.
↑ Eswaran, H.; R. Lal; P.F. Reich (2001). "Land degradation: an overview". Responses to Land Degradation. Proc. 2nd. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification. New Delhi: Oxford Press. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
↑ Ian Sample (31 August 2007). "Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
↑ Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2019. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

[rural-1] Conacher, Arthur; Conacher, Jeanette (1995). Rural Land Degradation in Australia. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press Australia. p. 2. ISBN 0-19-553436-0.

[2] Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Garfield Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.

[3] Eswaran, H.; R. Lal; P.F. Reich (2001). "Land degradation: an overview". Responses to Land Degradation. Proc. 2nd. International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification. New Delhi: Oxford Press. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2012.

[4] Ian Sample (31 August 2007). "Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 July 2008.

[5] Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2019. p. 5. Retrieved 30 January 2020.

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