Itegeko rya Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006

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Umuyobozi ushinzwe amashyamba muri leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika arimo gushimira guverineri Arnold Schwarznegger kubwo gushyira mu bikorwa aya masezerano.

Itegeko rya Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, cyangwa Bill Assembly (AB) 32, ni itegeko rya leta ya Californiya rirwanya ubushyuhe bw’isi hashyirwaho gahunda yuzuye yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ahantu hose muri leta. AB32 yanditswe na Assemblymember icyo gihe Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills) akaba na Perezida w’Inteko ya Californiya Fabian Nunez (D-Los Angeles) hanyuma ashyirwaho umukono n’amategeko na Guverineri Arnold Schwarzenegger ku ya 27 Nzeri 2006.

Ku ya 1 Kamena 2005, Guverineri Schwarzenegger yashyize umukono ku iteka nyobozi rizwi ku izina rya Executive S-3-05 [1] [2] ryashyizeho intego za Leta zangiza imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Iteka nyobozi ryasabye leta kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugera ku 2000 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010, kugeza ku rwego rwa 1990 muri 2020, no ku rwego 80% munsi y’urwego rwa 1990 muri 2050. Icyakora, kugira ngo iki cyemezo gishyirwe mu bikorwa, Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’ikirere cya Californiya (CARB) cyari gikeneye ububasha bw’inteko ishinga amategeko. Inteko ishinga amategeko ya leta ya Californiya yemeje itegeko rya Global Warming Solutions Act kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke kandi giha CARB ububasha bwo gushyira mu bikorwa iyo gahunda.


AB 32 isaba Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’ikirere cya Californiya (CARB cyangwa ARB) gushyiraho amabwiriza n’uburyo bw’isoko bwo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cya Kaliforuniya kugeza ku rwego rwa 1990 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2020, bivuze ko igabanuka rya 30% mu gihugu hose, [3] hamwe n’ingofero ziteganijwe guhera 2012 kumasoko akomeye yangiza. Uyu mushinga w'itegeko kandi wemerera Guverineri guhagarika imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cy'umwaka mu gihe habaye ibibazo byihutirwa cyangwa bikomeye mu bukungu.

Intara ya Californiya iyoboye igihugu mu bipimo ngenderwaho by’ingufu kandi ikagira uruhare runini mu kurengera ibidukikije, ariko kandi ikaba n’umwanya wa 12 mu kohereza imyuka ya karubone ku isi. [4] Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byasobanuwe mu mushinga w'itegeko bikubiyemo ibi bikurikira: dioxyde de carbone, metani, okiside ya nitrous, sulfure hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbone na parfluorocarbone . [5] Izi ni imyuka imwe ya parike yanditse kumugereka A wa Protokole ya Kyoto . [6]

Ibisabwa[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

AB 32 ikubiyemo ibisabwa byihariye byubuyobozi bwa Californiya ishinzwe umutungo:

  1. Tegura kandi wemeze gahunda yo gushakisha uburyo bwo kugabanya ikoranabuhanga rishoboka kandi rihendutse kugabanuka kumasoko ya gaze ya parike cyangwa ibyiciro bituruka kuri gaze ya parike bitarenze 2020. Gahunda ya scoping, yemejwe n’ubuyobozi bwa ARB ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2008, itanga urutonde rw’ibikorwa byo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri Californiya. Gahunda yemewe ya scoping yerekana uburyo ibyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bizagerwaho biturutse kumasoko akomeye ya parike akoresheje amabwiriza, uburyo bwisoko nibindi bikorwa.
  2. Menya urwego rwa leta rw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 1990 kugirango bibe urugero rw’ibyuka bihumanya bizagerwaho muri 2020. Mu Kuboza 2007, Inama y'Ubutegetsi yemeje ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya 2020 ingana na toni miliyoni 427 za toni ya gaze karuboni ihwanye na gaze ya parike, nyamara iyi mipaka yaje kuvugururwa igera kuri toni miliyoni 431 za metero hakoreshejwe uburyo bugezweho bwari bwaragaragaye muri Raporo y’isuzuma rya kane rya IPCC . [7]
  3. Kwemeza amabwiriza asaba gutanga raporo yerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ukuboza 2007, Inama y'Ubutegetsi yemeje itegeko risaba amasoko manini y’inganda gutanga raporo no kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Amabwiriza ya raporo akora nk'urufatiro rukomeye rwo kumenya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukurikirana impinduka zizaza mu rwego rwoherezwa mu kirere. Mu mwaka wa 2011, Inama y'Ubutegetsi yemeje amabwiriza agenga ubucuruzi. Porogaramu y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi ikubiyemo amasoko akomeye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere muri Leta nk’inganda zikora inganda, inganda z’amashanyarazi, inganda n’inganda zitwara abantu. Gahunda ya cap-nubucuruzi ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byangiza imyuka bizagabanuka mugihe runaka. Leta izagabana amafaranga, arimpushya zishobora gucuruzwa, zingana n’ibyuka bihumanya munsi yumutwe. Inkomoko iri munsi yumutwe izakenera gutanga amafaranga na offsets zingana n’ibyuka bihumanya nyuma yigihe cyigihe cyo kubahiriza.[8]
  4. Menya kandi wemeze amabwiriza agenga ibikorwa hakiri kare bishobora gukurikizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama 2010 cyangwa mbere yayo. Inama y'Ubutegetsi yagaragaje ingamba icyenda zifatika hakiri kare zirimo amabwiriza yerekeye imyanda, lisansi y’ibinyabiziga, firigo mu modoka, umuvuduko w’ipine, ibikorwa by’ibyambu n’andi masoko mu 2007 birimo amashanyarazi y’amato ku byambu no kugabanya imyuka myinshi ya GWP ku bicuruzwa by’umuguzi.[9]
  5. Menya neza ko kugabanuka hakiri kare kubushake byakira inguzanyo ikwiye mugushyira mubikorwa AB 32
  6. Gutumiza Komite Ngishwanama ku butabera bushingiye ku bidukikije (EJAC) kugira inama Inama y'Ubutegetsi mu gutegura gahunda ya Scoping ndetse n'ibindi byose bifitanye isano no gushyira mu bikorwa AB 32. EJAC yateranye inshuro 12 kuva mu ntangiriro za 2007, itanga ibisobanuro ku ngamba zateganijwe hakiri kare ndetse no guteza imbere gahunda ya scoping, inatanga ibisobanuro n'ibitekerezo kuri gahunda yo gushakisha mu Kwakira 2008. ARB izakomeza gukorana na EJAC nkuko AB 32 ishyirwa mubikorwa.[10]
  7. Shiraho komite ngishwanama yo guteza imbere ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga (ETAAC) kugirango itange ibyifuzo byikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi ningamba zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. [11] Nyuma yumwaka wose wibikorwa rusange, ETAAC yashyikirije Inama y'Ubutegetsi raporo y'ibyifuzo byabo muri Gashyantare 2008. ETAAC yanasuzumye kandi itanga ibisobanuro kuri gahunda ya scoping.

Igihe ntarengwa[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

AB 32 iteganya igihe gikurikira: [12]

Kugeza ku ya 1 Mutarama 2009 ARB yemeje gahunda yerekana uburyo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya bizagerwaho biturutse ku masoko akomeye ya parike binyuze mu mabwiriza, uburyo bw’isoko n’ibindi bikorwa
Muri 2009 Abakozi ba ARB bategura imvugo igenga gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yayo kandi ikora urukurikirane rw'amahugurwa rusange kuri buri gipimo (harimo n'amasoko)
Kugeza ku ya 1 Mutarama 2010 Ingamba zikorwa hakiri kare zitangira gukurikizwa
Muri 2010 ARB ikora urukurikirane rw'ibyemezo, nyuma y'amahugurwa n'iburanisha mu ruhame, kugira ngo yemeze amabwiriza ya parike harimo amategeko agenga uburyo bw'isoko
Muri 2010 ARB ikora urukurikirane rw'ibyemezo, nyuma y'amahugurwa n'iburanisha mu ruhame, kugira ngo yemeze amabwiriza ya parike harimo amategeko agenga uburyo bw'isoko
Kugeza ku ya 1 Mutarama 2011 ARB irangiza gufata ibyemezo bikomeye byo kugabanya parike harimo nuburyo bwisoko. ARB irashobora kuvugurura amategeko no kwemeza ayandi nyuma ya 1/1/2011 mugutezimbere cap ya 2020
Kugeza ku ya 1 Mutarama 2012 Amategeko ya parike hamwe nuburyo bwisoko byemejwe na ARB bitangira gukurikizwa kandi byubahirizwa n'amategeko
Gahunda ya 2013/2014 ARB irateganya kuvugurura gahunda ya AB 32 Scoping. Ivugurura rya AB 32 Scoping Plan rizagaragaza ibikorwa byihariye bikenewe kugirango ugere ku ntego ya 2020 kimwe no gushyiraho urufatiro rwo kugera ku ntego za nyuma ya 2020.
Ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2020 Igihe ntarengwa cyo kugera kuri 2020 imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

References[hindura | hindura inkomoko]

  1. ↑ "California Climate Change Executive Orders". California Climate Change. Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  2. ↑ "EXECUTIVE ORDER S-3-05". Office of Governor. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011.
  3. ↑ "Climate Change". California Air Resources Board. September 5, 2018. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  4. ↑ "Gov. Schwarzenegger Signs Landmark Legislation to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Office of the Governor. 27 September 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-09-28.
  5. ↑ "Assembly Bill No. 32. CHAPTER 488. An act to add Division 25.5 (commencing with Section 38500) to theHealth and Safety Code, relating to air pollution" (PDF). California State Assembly. September 27, 2006.
  6. ↑ Kyoto Protocol (PDF) (Report). United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 10 December 1997. p. 22. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  7. ↑ "GHG 1990 Emissions Level & 2020 Limit". California Air Resources Board. Retrieved 2021-07-29.
  8. ↑ http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm
  10. ↑ http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm
  11. ↑ "Assembly Bill 32 - California Global Warming Solutions Act". California Air Resources Board. 28 September 2018.
  12. ↑ "Assembly Bill 32 - California Global Warming Solutions Act". California Air Resources Board. 28 September 2018.
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