Ingagi zo mu birunga
 Ingagi y'ingabo ikuze (silverback) yo mu itsinda rya Susa, mu Rwanda | |
| Ishyirwa mu byiciro | |
|---|---|
| Ubwami | Inyamaswa (Animalia) |
| Urwego | Inyamabere (Mammalia) |
| Itsinda | Inguge (Primates) |
| Umuryango | Hominidae |
| Ubwoko rusange | Ingagi (Gorilla) |
| Ubwoko | Ingagi zo mu burasirazuba (Gorilla beringei) |
| Ubwoko buto | G. b. beringei |
| Izina ry'ubumenyi | |
| Gorilla beringei beringei Matschie, 1903 | |
| Uko zihagaze | |
| IUCN | Ziri mu kaga (EN)[1] |
| Umubare | ≈ 1 063 (2018)[2] |
Ingagi zo mu birunga, zitwa kandi ingagi zo mu misozi miremire (izina ry'ubumenyi: Gorilla beringei beringei), ni bumwe mu bwoko buto bubiri bw'ingagi zo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika. Ziboneka gusa ahantu habiri ku isi: mu misozi y'Ibirunga, ahahurira u Rwanda, Uganda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, no mu ishyamba rya Bwindi muri Uganda. Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije (IUCN) uzishyira mu bwoko buri mu kaga. Mu mwaka wa 2018 habarurwaga ingagi zo mu birunga zigera ku 1 063 ku isi yose. Zamenyekanye cyane kubera ubushakashatsi bwa Dian Fossey, kandi ni imwe mu nkingi z'ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda.
Ishyirwa mu byiciro n'ivumburwa
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingagi zo mu birunga ni ubwoko buto bw'ingagi zo mu burasirazuba (Gorilla beringei), hamwe n'ingagi zo mu bibaya byo mu burasirazuba (G. b. graueri). Abahanga bamwe bakeka ko ingagi zo mu ishyamba rya Bwindi zaba ari ubundi bwoko buto bwihariye.[1]
Mu Kwakira 1902, umusirikare w'Umudage Robert von Beringe yarashe ingagi ebyiri mu rugendo rwo kugena imipaka y'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba y'Abadage. Imwe muri zo yoherejwe mu nzu ndangamurage y'ibinyabuzima i Berlin, aho umuhanga Paul Matschie yayise Gorilla beringei, ayitirira uwayirashe.[3] Mu 1925, Umunyamerika Carl Akeley yemeje umwami Albert I w'Ububiligi gushyiraho Pariki ya Albert (ubu ni Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga), kugira ngo arinde inyamaswa zo mu Birunga.[3]
Imiterere y'umubiri
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ubwoya bw'ingagi zo mu birunga ni burebure kandi ni bwinshi kurusha ubw'izindi ngagi, bigatuma zishobora kubaho ahantu hakonje. Buri ngagi igira ishusho y'izuru yihariye, ifasha abashakashatsi kuzitandukanya. Ingabo zikuze zirusha cyane ingore ubunini, kandi zigira ubwoya bw'ibara ry'ifeza ku mugongo, niyo mpamvu zitwa silverback (« umugongo w'ifeza »).[1]
Ingagi zigenda ku maguru ane zishingikirije ku mugongo w'intoki, kandi amaboko yazo arusha amaguru uburebure. Zigira amenyo ameze nk'ay'abantu, atuma zishobora guhekenya ibimera byinshi; ingabo zikuze zigira imikaka minini zikoresha iyo zirwana.[4]
Aho ziba
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ingagi zo mu birunga ziba mu amashyamba y'imisozi miremire ahorana ibicu, igihu n'ubukonje. Mu Birunga, amatsinda menshi aba ku mabanga y'ibirunga bitatu bizimye: Karisimbi, Mikeno na Bisoke. Ibimera biba ari byinshi cyane hasi ku misozi, bikagenda bigabanuka uko uzamuka; ingagi zimara igihe kinini mu mashyamba y'ibiti bya Hagenia no mu mashyamba y'imigano.[1]
Zirinzwe muri pariki enye:
- Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga mu Rwanda;
- Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo;
- Pariki y'igihugu ya Mgahinga muri Uganda;
- Pariki y'igihugu y'ishyamba rya Bwindi muri Uganda.[1]
Muri izo pariki harimo kandi andi moko y'ibinyabuzima arinzwe n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga ya CITES.[5]
Imibereho
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ibyo zirya
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]_female_eating_root.jpg)
Ingagi zo mu birunga zirya ahanini ibimera. Amababi, imishibu, uduti n'imitima yatwo bigize hafi 86 % by'ibyo zirya, biva ku moko y'ibimera agera ku 142. Zirya kandi ibishishwa by'ibiti, imizi, indabo n'imbuto, ndetse rimwe na rimwe udukoko. Kubera ko zikeneye ibiryo byinshi, zimara igice kinini cy'umunsi zirisha, zikaruhuka saa sita; buri mugoroba buri ngagi yiyubakira icyari cy'ibimera iraramo.[1]
Imiryango
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingagi zibana mu matsinda ahamye ayoborwa n'ingabo ikuze. Hafi 61 % by'amatsinda agizwe n'ingabo imwe ikuze n'ingore nyinshi, naho 36 % akagira ingabo zikuze zirenze imwe. Itsinda ntirirwanira ubutaka: ingabo iriyobora irinda itsinda ryayo aho kurinda aho riba. Amatsinda ahora yimuka ashaka ibyo kurya.[4]
Ubushakashatsi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Umunyamerika George Schaller yamaze amezi 20 yiga ingagi zo mu birunga guhera mu 1959, nyuma atangaza ibitabo bibiri bya mbere bisobanura imibereho yazo.[3] Mu 1967, Dian Fossey yatangiye ubushakashatsi bwamaze imyaka 18 mu Birunga by'u Rwanda; igitabo cye Gorillas in the Mist (1983) cyatumye isi yose imenya izi ngagi.[6] Fossey yiciwe mu Birunga mu Ukuboza 1985, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi arwanya ubuhigi bw'ingagi.[4]
Ibarura n'umubare wazo
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Umubare w'ingagi zo mu birunga wagiye wiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva mu myaka ya 1980:
| Umwaka | Agace | Umubare |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Ibirunga | 254[7] |
| 1989 | Ibirunga | 320[8] |
| 2003 | Ibirunga | 380[8] |
| 2010 | Ibirunga | 480[9] |
| 2015–2016 | Ibirunga | 604[2] |
| 2018 | Bwindi–Sarambwe | 459[2] |
Ibarura ryo mu 2010 ryasanze mu Birunga hari ingagi 480 ziri mu miryango 36, hamwe n'ingabo 14 zibana zonyine; bivuze ko umubare wazo wiyongereyeho 26,3 % mu myaka irindwi, ni ukuvuga 3,7 % buri mwaka.[9][8] Iyo ubishyize hamwe, mu 2018 ingagi zo mu birunga zari zigera ku 1 063 ku isi yose.[2]
Amatsinda yamenyerejwe kwegerwa n'abantu (ku bw'ubushakashatsi n'ubukerarugendo) yiyongera vuba kurusha andi, kuko arindwa cyane kandi akavurwa n'abaganga b'amatungo iyo yafashwe n'imitego cyangwa n'indwara.[1]
Ibibazo bizugarije
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Kubura aho ziba: amashyamba azengurutswe n'abaturage benshi n'imirima y'ubuhinzi, bigatuma aho ingagi ziba hadashobora kwaguka.
- Ubuhigi n'imitego: n'ubwo ingagi ubwazo zidahigwa cyane, zifatirwa mu mitego iba yatezwe izindi nyamaswa.
- Indwara: ingagi zishobora kwandura indwara z'abantu, cyane cyane iz'ubuhumekero nk'ibicurane.
- Intambara: intambara n'umutekano muke mu karere byagiye bizibasira, cyane cyane mu gice cya Kongo-Kinshasa.[1]
- Inkongi: rimwe na rimwe inkongi z'umuriro zifata amashyamba y'Ibirunga; hari igihe ingagi zo mu Rwanda zahungiye muri Kongo-Kinshasa kubera inkongi.[10]
Kubungabunga n'ubukerarugendo
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Mu 1978 ni bwo umushinga Mountain Gorilla Project (Projet Gorille de Montagne) watangiye, maze ingagi zo mu gice cy'u Rwanda zitangira kumenyerezwa gusurwa n'abakerarugendo.[5] Ubukerarugendo bw'ingagi bwahindutse isoko y'ingenzi y'amafaranga yo kurinda pariki, kandi bukurura ba mukerarugendo benshi mu karere.[9]
Kubera ibikorwa byo kuzibungabunga, umubare wazo wariyongereye ku buryo mu 2018 IUCN yazikuye mu rwego rw'ubwoko « buri mu kaga gakomeye » (CR), izishyira mu rwego rw'ubwoko « buri mu kaga » (EN).[1] Imiryango nka Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International ikomeje ubushakashatsi n'ibikorwa byo kuzirinda.
Inyandiko
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Gorilla beringei ssp. beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (in Icyongereza). 2020.
- 1 2 3 4 "Mountain Gorilla Census Results Announced". Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, UC Davis (in Icyongereza). 2019-12-16.
- 1 2 3 Schaller, G. B. (1963). The Mountain Gorilla: Ecology and Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-73635-0.
- 1 2 3 "Ingagi zo mu Birunga: inyamaswa zifite byinshi zihuriyeho n'abantu". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- 1 2 "Ingagi muri Parike Nasiyonali y'Ibirunga". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
- ↑ Fossey, D. (1983). Gorillas in the Mist. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-28217-9.
- ↑ Aveling, C.; Harcourt, A. H. (1984). "A census of the Virunga gorillas". Oryx. 18: 8–13. doi:10.1017/s0030605300018524.
- 1 2 3 "Good News for Mountain Gorillas" (in Icyongereza). gorilla.cd. 2010-12-15. Archived from the original on 2013-12-17.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - 1 2 3 "Ingagi zo mu Birunga zariyongereye". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ↑ "Ingagi zo mu Rwanda zahungiye inkongi y'umuriro muri Congo Kinshasa". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ingingo zijyanye
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ihuza ryo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]