Imyumbati

Imyumbati

Balanghoy (Manihot esculenta) tubers

Malpighiales - Manihot esculenta - 2

casava

Ubuhinzi bw'imyumbati mu Rwanda  bwazanywe  n'Ababiligi mu mwaka w'1930. Imyumbati  ni igihingwa ngandurarugo kiri ku mwanya wa gatatu nyuma  y'ibijumba n'ibitoki.  Mu myaka icumi ishize umusaruro w'imyumbati wagiye ugabanuka bitewe ahanini n'indwara, ibyonnyi n'ibura ry'imbuto zihanganira indwara.  

Imyumbati isarurwaho  ibijumba ari na byo biribwa. Imyumbati ifite ubushobozi bwo kwera mu butaka buteraramo ibindi bihingwa. Imyumbati kandi yera mu gihe hariho amapfa. Kubera ko imyumbati ishobora kuguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 24, ndetse n'amwe mu moko yayo akaba yaguma mu butaka kugeza ku mezi 36, gusarura imyumbati bishobora gutegereza ko isoko riboneka cyangwa haboneka uburyo bwo kuyitunganya.Imyumbati iribwa n'abantu, ariko ishobora no kugaburirwa amatungo. Mu ngo nyinshi imyumbati iribwa nk'ikiribwa gitera imbaraga. Imyumbati ishobora kuribwamo umutsima, igikoma, kotswa cyangwa gutogoswa. Amababi y'imyumbati nayo aribwa nk'imboga rwatsi, zikungahaye ku ntungamubiri na Vitamini A na B.

AMOKO

Umwumbati wo mubwoko bw'umuvunde

Ubusanzwe hari amoko abiri y'amoko y'imyumbati: imyumbati irura n'imyumbati y'imiribwa.

Imyumbati yitwa ko ari imiribwa igihe yifitemo ubusharire buke. Ubundi imyumbati yigiramo ubusharire ( aside) bugomba gukurwamo kugira ngo ibashe kuribwa. Imyumbati y'imiribwa yigiramo ubusharire buke  butagira icyo butwaye.  Imyumbati irura ihingwa kimwen'imyumbati y'imiribwa, ariko yifitemo ubusharire ku rugero rwo hejuru. Imyumbati y'imiribwa ishobora kugira urugero rw'ubusharire bungana na 40/1000000, naho imyumbati irura ikagira ubusharire ku rugero rwa 490/1000000. Urugero ruri hejuru ya 50/1000000 rufatwa nk'urwateza ibyago. Ubusharire mu myumbati irura ni ikibazo ku buzima bw'abantu, kereka bubanje kugabanywa kugera ku rugero rwihanganirwa. Iyo imyumbati igifite ubwo busharire iba ari uburozi bushobora kwica, ariko na none kubugabanya mu myumbati bikozwe ku buryo budatunganye na bwo na byo bishobora kwica mu gihe runaka, cyane cyane mu gihe ifunguro ribuzemo intungamubiri. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kugabanya ubusharire mu myumbati. Kwanika imyumbati gusa bigabanya urugero rw'ubusharire, n'ubwo bishobora kuba bidahagije kugira ngo iribwe. Kwinika imyumbati mu mazi mbere yo kuyanika ni byo byizewe mu kugabanya ubusharire  ku buryo nyabwo. Guhugutisha imyumbati uko yakabaye cyangwa yacagaguwemo uduce duto nabyo bigabanya ubusharire, kuyikaranga ndetse no kuyibiza inshuro nyinshi uhindura amazi na byo bigabanya ubusharire ku buryo iribwa nta kibazo.

Igiti cy'umwumbati

Mu Rwanda dufite dufite amoko y'imyumbati menshi ariko afite ikibazo cyo kwibasiwa n'indwara n'ibyonnyi biyangiza. Ayo moko aragaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.

casava plant

Imyumbati

• Gutegura umurima uzahingwamo imyumbati uri imusozi bitandukana no gutegura umurima uri mu kabande cyangwa mu kibaya: imusozi, bahinga imyumbati mu ntabire ishashe cyangwa amayogi cyangwa imitabo. Mu bibaya, abahinzi bater imyumbati  ku mitabo cyangwa amayogi yigiye hejuru kugira ngo birinde ko yarengerwa n'amazi.

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  imyumbati nibishyimbo

  Amayoyi aba afite uburebure buri hagati ya cm 30 na cm 60 cm.
• Intera iri hagati y'amayogi iba iri hagati  ya cm 60 na cm 100.
• Batabira umurima hanyuma bagasanza. Ibyo bikorwa mu gihe ubutaka buhehereye. Tabira umurima nibura kugeza kuri cm 15-30 cm z'ubujyakuzimu.