Imikorere ya tekinoroji ya Radio
Radiyo ni tekinoroji yo gutangaza no gutumanaho ukoresheje imirongo ya radiyo. [1] [2] [3] Imiraba ya radiyo ni electromagnetic yumurongo wumurongo uri hagati ya 3 hertz (Hz) na 300 gigahertz (GHz). Byakozwe nigikoresho cya elegitoroniki cyitwa transmitter ihujwe na antenne irasa imiraba, kandi yakiriwe nindi antenne ihujwe na radio yakira. Radiyo ikoreshwa cyane mubuhanga bugezweho, mu itumanaho rya radiyo, radar, kugendagenda kuri radio, kugenzura kure, kumva kure, nibindi bikorwa.
Mu itumanaho rya radiyo, rikoreshwa mu gutambutsa amaradiyo na televiziyo, terefone zigendanwa, amaradiyo abiri, imiyoboro itagira umurongo, hamwe n’itumanaho rya satellite, hamwe n’ibindi byinshi bikoreshwa, imiyoboro ya radiyo ikoreshwa mu gutwara amakuru mu kirere kuva ku cyuma cyandikirwa kugeza ku cyakira, mu guhindura ibimenyetso bya radiyo (byerekana ibimenyetso byamakuru kuri radiyo muguhindura bimwe mubice byumuraba) muri transmitter. Muri radar, ikoreshwa mugushakisha no gukurikirana ibintu nkindege, amato, icyogajuru hamwe na misile, urumuri rwumurongo wa radiyo rwasohowe numuyoboro wa radar rugaragaza ikintu cyerekanwe, kandi imiraba igaragara igaragaza aho ikintu giherereye. Muri sisitemu yo kugendesha amaradiyo nka GPS na VOR, imashini igendanwa yakira ibimenyetso bya radiyo biva mumatara ya radiyo igenda ifite umwanya uzwi, kandi mugupima neza igihe cyo kugera kumiraba ya radiyo uyakira ashobora kubara umwanya wisi kwisi. Muri radiyo idafite umugozi ibikoresho bigenzura nka drones, gufungura urugi rwa garage, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwinjira idafite urufunguzo, ibimenyetso bya radiyo biva mubikoresho bigenzura bigenzura ibikorwa byigikoresho cya kure.
Gukoresha imiyoboro ya radiyo itarimo no gukwirakwiza imiraba intera igaragara, nkubushyuhe bwa RF bukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda n’itanura rya microwave, hamwe nubuvuzi nka diathermy na mashini ya MRI, ntabwo byitwa radio. Izina rya radio naryo rikoreshwa mugusobanura radiyo yakira.
Kuba hari imirongo ya radiyo byagaragaye bwa mbere n’umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Ubudage Heinrich Hertz ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 1886. [4] Hagati ya 1890, hubakiye ku buhanga abahanga mu bya fiziki bakoreshaga biga ku muhengeri wa elegitoroniki, Guglielmo Marconi yakoze ibikoresho bya mbere byo gutumanaho amaradiyo maremare, [5] yohereza ubutumwa bwa simusiga Morse Code ku isoko rirenga kilometero imwe mu 1895, [6 ] n'ikimenyetso cya mbere cya transatlantike ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1901. Iradiyo ya mbere y’ubucuruzi yatambutse ku ya 2 Ugushyingo 1920, ubwo amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya Harding-Cox yatambukwaga na sosiyete y’amashanyarazi n’inganda ya Westinghouse i Pittsburgh, ku cyapa cyo guhamagara KDKA.
Imyuka y’iradiyo igengwa n’amategeko, igahuzwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’itumanaho (ITU), igenera imirongo ya radiyo mu buryo butandukanye.
Ikoranabuhanga
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Imiraba ya radiyo ikwirakwizwa n'amashanyarazi arimo kwihuta. Zibyara ibihimbano mugihe gitandukanye ningufu zamashanyarazi, zigizwe na electron zitembera inyuma mumashanyarazi yicyuma yitwa antene.
Mugihe bagenda kure ya antenne yanduza, imiraba ya radio ikwirakwira kuburyo imbaraga zabo zerekana (ubukana muri watts kuri metero kare) zigabanuka, bityo imiyoboro ya radio irashobora kwakirwa gusa mumipaka mike ya transmitter, intera bitewe nimbaraga zohereza, imishwarara ya antenne, ibyakiriwe neza, urwego rwurusaku, no kuba hari inzitizi hagati ya transmitter niyakira. Antenne iyobora hose ikwirakwiza cyangwa yakira imiraba ya radiyo mu mpande zose, mugihe antenne yicyerekezo cyangwa antenne yunguka cyane yohereza imirongo ya radio mumirasire yicyerekezo runaka, cyangwa yakira imiraba iturutse kumurongo umwe.
Imiraba ya radiyo igenda ku muvuduko w'urumuri mu cyuho.
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ubundi bwoko bwa electromagnetic waves usibye imirongo ya radio, infragre, urumuri rugaragara, ultraviolet, X-imirasire nimirasire ya gamma, birashobora kandi gutwara amakuru kandi bigakoreshwa mubitumanaho. Gukoresha cyane imiyoboro ya radiyo mu itumanaho biterwa ahanini n’imiterere yifuzwa yo gukwirakwizwa ituruka ku burebure bwayo bunini.