Imbwija

Imbija

IRIBURIRO

Imbwija ni zimwe mu mboga z’amababi  zeramuri Afurika, zagaragaje ko ziri mu musaruro w’ibihingwa utanga ikizere bitewe n’uko zihanganira ubushyuhe, amapfa, indwara n’ibyonnyi, urugero runini rw’intungamubiri zigira haba mu mbuto ndetse no mu mababi (Onyango, 2003).

imboga

Amababi n’amashami biraryohera, ni isoko nziza y’ubutare (38.5mg/100g), kalisiyumu (350-400mg/100g), vitamini-A na C. Umunyu wa oxalate ku rugero rwo hejuru (1-2%) na nitarate (1.8-8.8g/kg iyo byumye) biboneka mu mababi y’amoko atandukanye y’imbwija (Gopalakrishnan, 2007).

Imbwija ziboneka mu gice kinini hagati y’imirongo mbariro toropike zombi no munsi yazo. Imbwija ni igihingwa kigira amababi yo mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, kibereye ibihe ikirere gishyushye kirimo ubuhehere bwinshi.Imbwija zihingwa igihe cyose cy’umwaka hagati ya za toropike. Imbwija zitukura zikenera urumuri rw’izuba ruhagije kugira ngo ibara ritukura riboneke. Ubwoko busarurwaho imbuto, A. caudatus, A. cruentus, A. edulis bwera neza mu gihe igihe cy’amanywa kiba kigufi naho ubwoko A. hypochondriacus bukaba ari imberabyombi.

Imbwija ni ubwoko bw'imboga rwatsi

Amoko y’imbwija

Ukeneye guhinga imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto, dore amwe mu moko yazo: Amaranthus caudatus Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus , Amaranthus retroflexus. Ushaka guhinga imbwija zisarurwa amababi, dore bumwe mu bwoko bwiza: Amaranthus cruentus,  Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus dubius, Amarantus hypocondriacus                          Amaranthus retroflexus, Amarantus blitum na Amaranthus Dubius.

Ubuhumbikiro

Ubutaka bubanza guhingwa neza bukaringanizwa. Bashyirwamo ifumbire y’imborera iboze neza iseye ikanoga neza. Ishyirwa mu murima ku rugero rwa Toni 20-25 /ha mu gihe cyo kuringaniza umurima bwa nyuma.

Gutera ingemwe z’imbwija

Hakenewe imbuto zingana na 0.5 kg kuri ha (5g kuri 1 are). Imbuto zigomba guturuka ku bimera bifite ubuzima bwiza cyangwa mu bigo bizwi kandi byemewe.Mu buryo bwo gutera ako kanya mu murima, ubutaka bwo guteraho bugomba kuba bwigiye hejuru, imirongo yo guteramo ikaba icishijwe agati kugeza kuri cm 0.5 z’ubujyakuzimu. Kuko imbuto z’imbwija ziba ari nto cyane zivangwa n’umucanga useye neza bikanyanyagizwa ku rugero rumwe mu mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40. Imbuto mu mirongo zitwikirizwa n’agacanga cyangwa agataka gake, hanyuma bagasasira imitabo iyo isaso ihari. Hakurikiraho kuhira udasiba.

Mu buryo bwo gutera ingemwe, hagati y’iminsi 22-25 zishyizwe mu buhumbikiro, ingemwe zirabyarurwa zigaterwa ku mirongo itandukanyijwe na cm 40 x 30.

imboga rwatsi

Gukoresha ifumbire y’imborera n’imvaruganda

Imbwija zikenera ifumbire nyinshi ariko zigatanga umusaruro mwinshi cyane. Uretse Toni 20-25 z’ifumbire y’imborera, kg 120:50:50 za NPK kuri hegitari imwe zirakenewe. Mu gihe cyo gutera ingemwe hashyirwamo kg 33/ha, hagashyirwamo kg 33/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru bine ingemwe zitewe na kg 86/ha nyuma y’ibyumweru umunani ingemwe zitewe.

Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku mboga

Amababi asa n’ayababutse (Rhizoctonia sp.) n’umugese w’umweru ni zo ndwara z’ingenzi zibasira ubuhinzi bw’imbwija.

Amababi asa n’ayababutse ni yo ifata cyane imbwija mu gihe cy’imvura, iyo hari ubushyuhe n’ubuhehere bwinshi. Mu bimenyetso byayo harimo utudomo tw’umweru tugenda tugaragara ku mababi bituma umusaruro utagurwa ku isoko.

Uko bayirwanya:

• Gutera imbuto z’imbwija z’icyatsi z’ubwoko bwihangana mu gihe cy’imvura.
• Kwirinda kuhira umisha amazi ku mababi;
• Gutera umuti wa mancozeb ku rugero rwa g 4 g/l y’amaganga y’inka. Uterwa rimwe mu cyumweru ukabihagarika hasigaye iminsi 14 no usarure kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti isigara ku bihingwa/umusaruro.

Gusarura imbwija

Imbwija zisarurwa amababi barazirandura cyangwa bagakata amababi. Iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurandura, imbuto zikuze zisoromwa ku minsi 30, 45 na 55 nyuma yo gutera. Zigifite imizi yazo zirozwa zikoherezwa ku isoko zifunze mu mifungo mito mito. Naho imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zo zisarurwa iyo amababi hafi ya yose yahindutse umuhondo,amahundo yahindutse ikigina naho Imbuto zahindutse umukara.Amahundo amaze gukatwa ategereza ku mbuga kugira ngo yume. Iyo amaze kuma ahurwa hakoreshejwe ikibando kugira ngo imbuto zivemo. Hanyuma imbuto ziragosorwa umwanda ugashiramo.

Kwita ku musaruro no guhunika imbwija

Imbwija ni imboga zangirika ubusa, zikaba zisaba kwitonderwa kugira ngo zidatakaza ubwiza bwazo n’intungamubiri.

Gutakaza ubwiza bw’imbwija nyuma yo gusarurwa bigaragarira kuri ibi bikurikira:

• Guhinduka umuhondo kubera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gukora ibara ry’icyatsi kibisi ( Chlorophyll);
• Kuraba no gutakaza ireme;
• Kubora.

Nyuma yo gusarurwa, imbwija zibikwa mu mufuka kandi zikagurishwa uwo munsi kugira ngo wirinde ko zatakaza ubwiza bwazo.  Igihe bishoboka ko zabikwa mu byuma bikonjesha byazifasha kugumana ubwiza bwazo.

Iyo imbwija zisarurwaho imbuto zimaze gusarurwa, ni ngombwa kuzanika zikuma neza mbere yo kuzibika, naho ubundi zazana uruhumbu. Zanikwa ku nkoko ku zuba cyangwa mu nzu hafi y’isoko y’uushyuhe. Genda uzikorakora kenshi kugeza zumye neza. Zibike ahantu hatinjira umwuka, hafutse kandi humutse mu gihe cy’amezi 6.