Ibiciro by’ibiribwa
Ibiciro byibiribwa bivuga igipimo mpuzandengo cyibiciro byibiribwa mu bihugu, uturere ndetse no ku isi hose. Ibiciro byibiribwa bigira ingaruka kubabikora no kubakoresha ibiryo.
Ibiciro byibiribwa byinyanya byatanzwe mumadolari ya Amerika kuri pound
Ishami ry’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi (FAO) Igipimo cy’ibiciro by’ibiribwa 1961–2021 mu mazina kandi nyayo. Igipimo nyacyo cyibiciro ni Nominal Igipimo cyerekanwe na Banki y'Isi Yerekana Agaciro Agaciro (MUV). Imyaka 2014–2016 ni 100.
Urwego rwibiciro rushingiye kubikorwa byo gutanga ibiribwa, harimo kwamamaza ibiryo no kugabura ibiryo. Imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ibiribwa igenwa n’ibintu byinshi byuzuzanya. Ibikorwa bya geopolitike, ibisabwa ku isi, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, [3] politiki ya guverinoma, indwara n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa, ikiguzi cy’ingufu, kuba umutungo kamere w’ubuhinzi, [4] kwibeshya ku biribwa, [5] [6] [7] impinduka mu mikoreshereze ubutaka nikirere bigira ingaruka ku biciro byibiribwa.
Ingaruka zo guhindagurika kw'ibiciro byibiribwa ni byinshi. Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ibiribwa, cyangwa kwiyongera, guhungabanya umutekano w’ibiribwa, cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kandi bishobora guteza imvururu mu mibereho. [9] [10] [11] Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa rifitanye isano n’ubudasa bw’imirire n’ubuzima, [12] cyane cyane mu baturage bugarijwe n'ibibazo, nk'abagore n'abana.
Ugereranije ibiciro byibiribwa bizakomeza kuzamuka kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Ubwiyongere bw'abatuye isi buzashyira ingufu nyinshi kubitangwa nibisabwa. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe izongera ibihe by’ikirere bikabije, birimo amapfa, ibihuhusi n’imvura nyinshi, kandi kwiyongera kw’ubushyuhe bizagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ibiribwa.
Ku rugero runaka, ibiciro bibi bishobora guhangana na politiki y'ibiribwa.
Igikorwa cyo kugabanya igihombo cyangwa imyanda, niba ari kinini bihagije, bizagira ingaruka ku biciro byo hejuru no mu nsi y’ibicuruzwa ugereranije n’aho intervention yabereye. "CPI (Igipimo cy’ibiciro by’umuguzi) ku biribwa byose yiyongereyeho 0.8% kuva muri Nyakanga 2022 kugeza Kanama 2022, kandi ibiciro by’ibiribwa byari hejuru ya 11.4% ugereranije no muri Kanama 2021." [16]
- Ibintu
- Hindura
- Ibiciro by'ingufu
Umusaruro wibiribwa ninzira yibanda cyane. Ingufu zikoreshwa mubikoresho fatizo by'ifumbire kugirango ingufu zikenerwa mu gutunganya ibiryo. Kwiyongera kw'igiciro cy'ingufu bituma izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibiribwa. [17] Ibiciro bya peteroli nabyo bigira ingaruka kubiciro byibiribwa. Isaranganya ry'ibiribwa naryo riterwa no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bya peteroli, [20] biganisha ku kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'ibiribwa.
Ibihe
Ibihe bibi byikirere nkamapfa cyangwa imvura nyinshi birashobora gutera umusaruro mubi. Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibihe by’ikirere bikabije n’ibiza byibasiye ibiciro by’ibiribwa.
Itandukaniro ku isi yose
Igiciro cyibiribwa cyazamutse cyane mugihe cya 2007–08 ndetse n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ku isi 2010–2012. Byagaragaye cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu gihe bitari bike mu bihugu bya OECD no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. [21]
Ibiciro byabaguzi mubihugu bikize byatewe cyane nimbaraga zububiko bwo kugabanya kandi bigize igice gito cyibiciro byose byubuzima. By'umwihariko, Ibiribwa byuburyo bwiburengerazuba nkibintu bitunganywa nu munyururu wihuse ugereranije bihendutse mugace k’iburengerazuba. Inyungu zishingiye cyane cyane ku bwinshi (reba umusaruro mwinshi), munsi yubwiza buhanitse. Kubyiciro bimwe byibicuruzwa nkamata cyangwa inyama, umusaruro mwinshi wahinduye umubano wibiciro muburyo butazwi na gato mubihugu bidateye imbere ("umusozi wamavuta"). Ikibazo cy’imiryango ikennye cyarushijeho kuba bibi kubera amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi yemerera kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu buryo bworoshye mu cyerekezo cy '"amajyepfo" kuruta uko byari bimeze. Amasezerano y’ubufatanye aho imboga zihenze zikora zifite uruhare runini mu gusenya ubuhinzi kavukire ndetse no kugabanuka gukabije kw’ubukungu bumaze kurwara. [23]