HAMERKOP

HAMERKOP

Hamerkop n'inyoni nini isigaye mubwoko bwonyine bw'ibinyabuzima mu bwoko bwa scopis n'umuryango wa scopidae.

n'umuryango watekerezaga ko bicarana na ciconiformes ariko ubu bishirwa hamwe ba pelecaniforms ariko bene wabo

bahafi batekerezaga ko ari pelicans, imiterere y'umutwe wayo hamwe n'igitereko cy'inyuma cy'unutwe wayo, izina ryayo

ryahawe ubu bwoko nyuma ijambo ny'afrika ryahawe izina ry'inyundo, ni inyoni nini ifite ibirango by'ururu . iboneka

muri afrika ndetse arabiya, ituye mu bishanga bitandukanye. harimo inkombe ibyuzi , ibiyaga bitandukanye by'amafi,

n'inkombe z'umugezi,inkombe z'urutare. Hamerkop n'inyoni ikunze kwerekana ingendo zayo.

ninyoni ikunze gufata umuhigo munini, cyane cyane amafi na amphibia, ibinyomoro , imbeba nabyo birafatwa. ubusanzwe

umuhigo ubera mumazi maremare yaba kubireba cyangwa kubikoraho, ububwoko burahinduka kandi bugafata umuhigo wose

ushoboka. ubu bwoko buzwiho kugira ibyari binini cyane inyinshi murizo zabyubatse mugihe cy'ubworozi. ntibisanzwe ko

inyoni iguruka mugihe icyari gifite icyumba cyo butereramo imbere.

ubu bwoko kandi nti bwugarijwe nkubundi bwoko bw'inyoni kwisi kuko umuryango mpuza mahanga n'iidukikije wasanze

ntampungenge biteje. haba muri afrika no muri madagascar.[1]

Taxonomy

Hamerkop yasobanuwe bwambere n'umufaransa b Brisson muwa 1760 mugitabo cye yihariye kitwa Ornithologia.

kikaba cyarasohowe nyuma y'imyaka ibiri gusa, ubu bwoko kandi bwase no kongera gusobanurwa no kugaragazwa

na polymath w'umufaransa comit de buffon, mugihe umudage witwa friederick Gmelin, yavuguruye akanagura sisitemu

muwi 1788 yashyizemo iyi nyoni anavuga abanditsi bambere , yashyize amoko mubwoko bwa scopus yari yazanye na

Brisson ahimba izina rya Binomia scopus umbretta.

amazina ya Brisson yerekeye inyoni general yemejwe cyane n'umuryango w'imyororkere n'ubwo atigeze akoreshwa

muri sisitemu ya linneaus. komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe kwita ku binyabuzima yemeje 1911 ko genera ya Brisson

yaboneka hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga imiterere y'ibinyabuzima. bityo Brisson afatwa n'umuyobozi

wa Hamerkop. izina rusange rya scopus ryakomotse kuri skia yakera y'ikigereki, izina ry'ihariye rya umbretta rihinduwe

rikuwe mu kiratini kuri umber cyangwa umukara w'ijimye.

Hamerkop iratandukanye bihagije kugirango ishyirwe mu muryango wayo, nubwo umubano wayo nindi miryango wabaye

amayobera kuva kera. ubusanzwe Hamerkop washyizwe mumuryango wa ciconiformes ariko ubu ikekwako yegereye

pelecaniformes, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukora bwerekanye ko benewabo bahafi ari pelcans na shoebill.

nubwo hamerkop ariyo yonyine ibaho mu muryango wayo gusa, nubwoko bumwe bwazimye buzwi mu bisigazwa

bw'ibinyabuzima. scopus xenopus yasobanuwe n'umuhanga mu myororokere witwa storrs Olson muwa 1084 ashingiye

kumagufa abiri yabonetse mu bubiko bwa pliocene yaturutse muri africa yepfo. scopus yari nini cyane ugereranije na

hamerkop.

ibice bibiri byamenyekanye -ubwoko bubiri bwagutse bwo gutoranya S.u Umbretta ntoya yo muri afrika y'uburengerazuba

na S,u Bannermani yo mumajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa kenya isanzwe ihuje ubwoko bwa toranijwe. inyoni zo muri

madagasikari zasabwe gutandukana icyogihe zishirwa mubice bito, ibyo byifuzo byasobanuwe na Austi Rand muwi 1936.

hasabwe ko kandi inyoni zirihafi wa kavongo muri namibiya zishobora kuba zitandukanye , ariko ntabusobanuro bwatanzwe.[2]

IBIPIMO

Hamerkop ni inyoni zo mumazi yo hagati ihagaze (56CM (22IN) kandi ipima (470G(17oZ) , nubwo ibice bito S,u ni ni ntoya

ibinono byayo n'umutuku wijimye, ikagira n'umurizo wijimye, umushinga wayo ni (85MM(3.1-3.3 IN) ifite amaguru yoroheje

kandi anyeganyega cyane cyane igice cyohepfo, ikindi kandi ihinduka umukara igihe iyinyoni ihunze. ijosi n'amaguru ni bigufi

ugereranije nidi bisa na paleceniforms, ibice byambaye ubusa n'amaguru kandi birabura. kandi ibice by'amaguru bifite

amababa ni mugice cyo hejuru gusa bita tibia. kubwimpanvu zitazwi hamerkop ifite ibirenge by'imbuga gice.urutoki rwagati

bisa nka heron. umurizo wayo ni mugufi arika amababa yayo ni manini yagutse kandi azunguruka, nubwo ikora bike iyo ibikoze

irambura ijosi nk'igisimba cyangwa ibis , ariko iyo ikubise ikintu ihuza ijosi inyuma nka heron. iyo igenda ibimeze nkiri kunyeganyega

kandi byihuse, umutwe weyo n'ijosi bigenda bisubira inyuma na buri ntambwe ishobora gufata amaaba yayo mugihe yiruka kugirango

ituze.[3]

IMYITWARIRE NAHO IMBEREHO , AHOKUBA N'IBIDUKIKIJE

Hamerkop iboneka muri afrika no mumajyepfo ya sahara, Madagasikari na arabiya y'amajyepfo ashira uburengerazuba, ikunda amazi

maremare aho ikunda kurisha, kandi iboneka ahantu hose hari igishanga, harimo inzuzi,imigezi n'ibidendezi, inkombe,igishanga,ubutaka

bw'uhirwa nk'umuceri n'amashyamba. Muri tanzaniya naho iherutse kugaburira kunkombe z'amabuye, muri arabiya iboneka muri wadi

irimo amazi n'ibiti.ubu bwoko kandi bukunda kororoka ahantu harabantu.

Hamerkop ikora cyane kumanywa akenshyi iruhuka kumanywa mugihe cya sasita hariho ubushyuhe bwinshi bishobora kuba rimwe na rimwe

ariko rimwe na rimwe kumugoroba nkuko byavuzwe kwari rimwe na rimwe,

Hamerkop iraceceka cyane iyo ari yonyine ariko nanone igira urusaku rwinshi iyo irikumwe na ngenzi zayo cyangwa mu matsinda, amajwi

arimo urutende rwo guhamagara arimo ingunzu n'izuru, ihamagara rikora muburyo bw'imibereho, mugihe byibuze inyoni eshatu kugeza kuri

makumyabiri , ihamagara rikorwa nijoro gusa ariko rimwe na rimwe riherekejwe no gukubita amababa, kandi ikarushaho gukomera iyo

umubare mwinshi w'inyoni uhari. Hamerkop ikunda kurisha yonyine cyangwa ebyiri kandi agatorera mumukumbi miinini rimwe na rimwe

nubwo Amphibia n'amafi bigizwe n'igice kinini cy'imirire yacyo. indyo kandi yayo igizwe n'urusenda .udukoko ndetse n'imbeba, ubwoko bw'ibiryo

inyoni byufata busa naho butandukanye bitewe nahantu hamwe n'ibikeri byibunza bikaba igice kingenzi cyane muri afrika y'uburasirazuba n'

amajyepfo kandi amafi mato akaba ariyo nyambo yonyine yafashwe muri mali, kuko ifite ubushake bwo gufata ibintu byinshi kandi igafata umuhigo

muto cyane, ntago ifite amikoro make ariko igaburira igice cy'umunsi. ikoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo guhiga kuko ikunda kujya mumazi magufi

ishaka umuhigo,ishobora kunyeganyeza ikirenge kimwe mumazi ubundi igahita irambura amababa yayo kugirango ibashe gufata umuhigo wayo neza [4]

UBWOROZI

Ikintu gitangaje cy'imyitwarire ya Hamerkop n'icyari kinini. rimwe na rimwe kirenga (1.5 (11ft) ikora icyari gikomeye hino no hakurya kugirango

ishyigikire ibiro byayo, ikunda kubaka kugiti cyangwa cyangwa hejuru y'amazi ariko iyo bibaye ngombwa yubaka kunkombe cyangwa kurutare

cyangwa kurugomero rwubatse n'abantu , ubwubako bwayo bufite (13-18Cm (5.1-7.1in) .Ibyari bwanditsweho ko bifata ibyumweru hagati ya

10 na 14 kugirango byubakwe. umushakashatsi umwe yavuzeko bizakenera inyoni 8000 , ibikoresho byo guteramo bizanjya byongerwamoa

inyuma y'ibyari byuzuye. Hamerkop kandi yubaka ibyari by'ingufu ikubaka ibyari bitatu kugeza kuri bitanu kumwaka kubabyo roroka kubakana

ibyari bikurura ubumwe hagati yazo. ubworozi bubaho umwaka wose muri afrika b'uburasirazuba no mubindi bice byayo, iyi nyoni kandi itera

amagi atanu kugeza kuri arindwi igi riba risa umweru ariko bidatinze rihindura irangi agapima 44.5MM X 33.9MM (1.75IN X 1.33IN) ugereranije

n'uburemere hafi (2.9g (0.98 Oz) ingano y'amagi iratandukana mugihe bitewe n'inyoni [5][6]

ISANO N'IMIBANIRE

Imigani myinshi ibaho kubyerekeye Hamerkop , muturere tumwe na tumwe abantu bavugako izindi nyoni ziyifasha kubaka icyari cyayo, abamenyesha

amakuru IXAM na BLEEK bavuzeko igihe hamerkop iguruka ihamagara munkambi zayo, bamenyako imwe mubwoko bwazo yapfuye

Ibyo kandi bizwi mubice bimwe imwe munyoni y'umurabyo , KAALAHAL BUSHMAN yemera ko gukubitwa n'inkuba byaturutse kugushaka kwiba icyari

cya Nyundo kandi bizera ko KHAUNA itifuza umuntu uwariwe wese wakwica Hamerkop,Dukurikije imyizerere yakera ya Malagasi , umuntu wese ugerageza

gusenya icyari cyayo yarwaraga ibibembe.kandi igisigo cya Malagasi cyita inyoni mbi, Imyizerere nkiyi yahaye inyoni uburinzi, izina ry'afrika yepfo

Njaka risobanura umuganga w'inura , rikomoka kungeso yo guhamagara cyane mbere y'imvura. Scopus n'ubusobanuri bwatanzwe ku binyamakuru,

yakiriye izina ryayo murwego rwo kuyiha icyubahiro iyi nyoni. kimwe n'ikinyamakuru cy'umuryango w'amateka amateka y'afrika y'iburasirazuba. [7] [8]