Braille translator
Ubusemuzi bwa braille ni porogaramu y'ikoranabuhanga isobanura inyandiko ya elegitoronike (nka dosiye ya MS-World fille) muri braille ikayohereza kuri periferi ya braille, nk'ibishushanyo mbonera (bitanga kopi ikomeye ya braille nshya). Mubusanzwe, buri rurimi rukenera umusemuzi warwo. Nubwo hakoreshejwe ijambo ubusemuzi, nta busobanuro bw'uru rurimi. Ndetse no mu bihe byoroshye, nka braille y'u Buholandi, [1] ifite amategeko akomeye yo gushyira mu nyuguti nkuru, gushimangira, utumenyetso, ibimenyetso byandika, no gutunganya page.
Ibisobanuro[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ku ntego z'iki kiganiro cyangwa iyi nkuru, ijambo "inkprint" risobanura inyandiko yateguwe gusomwa n'ijisho, yaba yacapishijwe, yerekanwe kuri igaragaze amashusho, cyangwa ibe ibitswe muri mudasobwa; "braille" bivuga inyandiko yateguwe kugira ngo usome ukoresheje urutoki, rwaba rwanditseho, rwerekanwe ku gikoresho cya elegitoroniki, cyangwa kibitswe muri mudasobwa.
Porogaramu y'ubusobanuro bwa Braille cyangwa ibyuma byinjizwamo bigahindura inkprint muri braille cyangwa braille igahindurwa muri inkprint. Mubisanzwe, umuntu afite inkprint muri dosiye itunganya ijambo cyangwa kuri URL kandi ashaka braille. Braille ishobora koherezwa mubudodo bwa braille kugira ngo ikore braille y'umubiri cyangwa kuri irimuburyo bufata bukanabika . Indi mpamvu nuko umuntu afite braille ifata ikabika ya elegitoroniki yerekana ko ashaka gukora muri inkprint kugira ngo asangire n'umuntu udasoma braille.
Porogaramu y'ubusobanuro bwa Braille isanzwe ishyirwa mubikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga bifasha kuva ibikorwa bya tekinoroji bitanga ubufasha kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Abakenera ubusemuzi bwa Braille bushobora gukoreshwa nabantu bafite kuba babona cyangwa batabona.
Ubusemuzi bwa braille bushobora gukora kuri terefone, [2] mudasobwa y'umuntu ku giti cye, seriveri y'urusobe, [3] cyangwa (mu mateka) mini-mudasobwa nini cyangwa ibikorerwa mu bigo binini.
Indimi zimwe zikoresha braille idasezeranye cyangwa itaremerwa, aho buri nyuguti ikoresha inyuguti yihariye. Braille idasezeranye isaba gukoresha inyuguti nkuru, gushimangira, imibare, no kuruhuka. Indimi zimwe zikoresha braille yagiranye amasezerano, aho amategeko ahinnye y'inyandiko aragoye. Kurugero, mu masezerano y'icyongereza yamasezerano, ijambo tekereza (inyuguti 5) ryahinduwe nkinyuguti 3: (th) (in) k. Gukoresha cyangwa kudakoresha ibyo kugabanuka bifitanye isano no kuvuga. Kurugero, ikimenyetso "th" gikoreshwa mubitekerezo, ariko ntabwo ari ibinogo . Keretse niba byateguwe neza, mudasobwa ishobora gukora ikosa ntamuntu numwe wakora, nko gukoresha igabanuka rya nyina mw'ijambo chimiotherapie . Igice kigoye cyane cyo gukora braille nugufata icyemezo cy'igihe cyo kudakoresha mukwishurwa. Iyo abantu bafashe ibi byemezo, ni transcript ya braille ; iyo mudasobwa ifashe ibyemezo, ni ubusobanuro bwa braille .
Amateka[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ikoreshwa rya mbere ryo guhindura mudasobwa no gukora braille yakoresheje mudasobwa y'ibanze muri American Printing House for the Blind rya Louisville, Kentucky. [4] [5]
Mu myaka yo muri 1960, habayeho umushinga MIT wo gutangiza umusaruro wa braille. Robert Mann yanditse kandi akurikirana porogaramu yo guhindura inyandiko y'ubusemuzi bwa braille yiswe DOTSYS, mu gihe irindi tsinda ryakoze igikoresho cyo gushushanya cyamenyekanye nka "MIT Braillemboss." Amaherezo, MIT yatanze akazi mu ikoranabuhanga muri Miter Corporation . [6] Itsinda rya Miter Corporation rigizwe na Robert Gildea, Jonathan Millen, Reid Gerhart na Joseph Sullivan kuri ubu ni perezida wa Duxbury Systems bakoze DOTSYS III, ubusemuzi bwa mbere bw’inyandiko yanditswe mu rurimi rw'imikorere. DOTSYS III yatunganijwe kumashuri ya leta yo muri Atlanta nko muri gahunda rusange y'amashuri. [7]
Mu mahugurwa mpuzamahanga ya mbere yerekeranye no gukora mudasobwa ya Braille yakozwe, yabereye i Muenster mugihugu cy'u Budage, muri werurwe mu mwaka 1973, hasobanuwe imishinga myinshi y’ubuhinduzi bwa braille yaturutse hirya no hino ku isi isobanurwa. [8]
Ububiko bw'inyandiko ku mateka y'ubusemuzi bwa braille, ibisobanuro bya braille, hamwe n'ibikoresho bimwe bya braille bikomezwa na Duxbury Systems. [9]
Amashakiro[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
- ↑ Braillestandaard voor algemeen gebruik in het Nederlandse taalgebied published by the Dutch braille authority, retrieved 2/24/2023
- ↑ Support for wireless braille displays in iOS 5, Apple Accessibility retrieved 3/29/2012
- ↑ Robobraille (server-based braille software) retrieved 3/29/2012
- ↑ Braille Translation System for the IBM 704 by Ann S. Schack and R.T. Mertz, 1961 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ Computer Translation: Grade 2 from Print; Report of American Printing House of the Blind, by Ann Schack, et al., June 1969 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ Robert W. Mann, Sc.D., Selected Perspectives on a Quarter Century of Rehabilitation Engineering, Journal of Rehabilitation Research, and Development Vol. 23 No. 4, Pages 1-6 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ History of Duxbury Systems, retrieved 3/29/2012
- ↑ Computerised Braille Production Proceedings of the First International Workshop in Münster Germany, 1973 edited by R. A. J. Gildea, G. Hubner, H. Werner, 1974 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ Documents on Automated Braille Production: An Historical Resource retrieved 3/30/2016