Agakingirizo
| Agakingirizo | |
|---|---|
 A rolled-up condom | |
| Background | |
| Pronunciation | Inyandikorugero:IPAc-en or Inyandikorugero:IPAc-en |
| Type | Barrier |
| First use | Ancient[1] Rubber: 1855[2] Latex: 1920s[3] Polyurethane: 1994 Polyisoprene: 2008 |
| Pregnancy rates (first year, latex) | |
| Perfect use | 2%[4] |
| Typical use | 18%[4] |
| Usage | |
| Reversibility | Yes |
| User reminders | Latex condoms are damaged by oil-based lubricants[1] |
| Advantages and disadvantages | |
| STI protection | Yes[1] |
| Benefits | No health care visits required and low cost[1] |
Agakingirizo ni igikoresho kigabanya amahirwe yo kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse no gusama inda zitateganijwe.[1] Habaho agakingirizo k'abagabo n'aka abagore.[5] Hamwe n'imikoreshereze ikwiye - kandi gakoreshwa mubikorwa byose by'imibonano mpuzabitsina -.Abagore nabo bashakanye bakoresha agakingirizo k'abagabo bashobora kugira amahirwe ya 2% yo gusama.[1] Hamwe n'imikoreshereze isanzwe, igipimo cyo gutwita kingana na 18% ku mwaka. Imikoreshereze yako igabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatite B, na VIH / SIDA.[1] Zirinda kandi ku rugero ruto kwirinda indwara ya herpes, papillomavirus ku muntu (HPV), ndetse na sifilis.[1]
Agakingirizo k'umugabo kaba kazungurutse ku gitsina gihagaze mbere yo gukora imibonano kandi kigakora mu gukora inzitizi y'umubiri ibuza amasohoro kwinjira mu mubiri w'uwo muhuje igitsina.[1][6] Udukingirizo twabagabo dukorwa muri latex, kandi mubisanzwe, kuva polyurethane, polyisoprene, cyangwa amara y'intama.[1] Udukingirizo tw'abagabo dufite ibyiza byo koroshya imikoreshereze, byoroshye kubigeraho n'ingaruka nke.[1] Abafite allergie ya latex igomba gukoreshwa polyurethane cyangwa izindi verisiyo yubukorikori.[1] Agakingirizo k'abagore gakozwe muri polyurethane kandi karashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.[6]
Udukingirizo nk'uburyo bwo gukumira indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zakoreshejwe kuva byibura 1544.[1] Agakingirizo ka reberi kabonetse mu 1855, gakurikirwa n'udukingirizo twa latex muri 1920.[2][3] Ari kurutonde rw' rw'ishami ry'umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ku isi , urutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi.[7] Igiciro cyinshi mu gihugu cy'iterambere kiri hafi 0.03 kugeza US $ 0.08 buri umwe.[8] Muri Leta zunzubumwe z'Amerika ,ubusanzwe agakingirizo kagura amadolari y'Amerika 1.00.[9] Kw'isi yose munsi ya 10% y'abakoresha kuringaniza imbyaro bakoresha agakingirizo.[10] Ibiciro byo gukoresha agakingirizo biri hejuru mu bihugu byateye imbere.[10] Mu Bwongereza agakingirizo ni uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kugaragara mu kuboneza urubyaro (22%) mu gihe muri Amerika ari ubwa gatatu bukunze kugaragara (15%).[11][12] Hafi miliyari esheshatu kugeza icyenda zigurishwa ku mwaka.[13]
Reba
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Hatcher, Robert Anthony; M.D, Anita L. Nelson (2007). Contraceptive Technology (in Icyongereza). Ardent Media. pp. 297–311. ISBN 9781597080019. Archived from the original on 2017-09-18.
- 1 2 Allen, Michael J. (2011). The Anthem Anthology of Victorian Sonnets (in Icyongereza). Anthem Press. p. 51. ISBN 9781843318484.
- 1 2 McKibbin, Ross (2000). Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951 (in Icyongereza). Oxford University Press. p. 305. ISBN 9780198208556.
- 1 2 Trussell, James (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy" (PDF). In Hatcher, Robert A.; Trussell, James; Nelson, Anita L.; Cates, Willard Jr.; Kowal, Deborah; Policar, Michael S. (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-11-12.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 372. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- 1 2 Speroff, Leon; Darney, Philip D. (2011). A Clinical Guide for Contraception (in Icyongereza). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 305–307. ISBN 9781608316106. Archived from the original on 2016-11-14.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ "Condoms (Lubricated)". International Medical Products Price Guide. Management Sciences For Health, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ Shoupe, Donna (2011). Contraception (in Icyongereza). John Wiley & Sons. p. 15. ISBN 9781444342635. Archived from the original on 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- 1 2 Chen, Lincoln C.; Amor, Jaime Sepulveda; Segal, Sheldon J. (2012). AIDS and Women's Reproductive Health (in Icyongereza). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 6. ISBN 9781461533542.
- ↑ Herring, Jonathan (2014). Medical Law and Ethics (in Icyongereza). Oxford University Press. p. 271. ISBN 9780198702269.
- ↑ Daniels, K.; Daugherty, J.; Jones, J.; Mosher, W. (2015). "Current Contraceptive Use and Variation by Selected Characteristics Among Women Aged 15–44: United States, 2011–2013". National Health Statistics Reports (86): 1–14. PMID 26556545.
- ↑ Hermann, Henry R. (2016). Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals: The Great Game of Life (in Icyongereza). Academic Press. ISBN 9780128092958.