Addis Ababa

Addis Ababa

Umujyi wa Etiyopiya

Region of Ethiopia, federal capital, Imihamuro, city

Inception	1886
Official language	Amharic
Country	Etiyopiya
Capital of	Etiyopiya
Located in the admi­nis­tra­ti­ve ter­ri­to­rial entity	Etiyopiya
Located in time zone	UTC+03:00, East Africa Time
Coor­di­na­te location	9°2′9″N 38°45′9″E
Geoshape	link
Head of govern­ment	Adanech Abebe
Popu­la­tion	5704000
Elevation above sea level	2355±1 metre
Head­quar­ters location	African Union, Organisation of African Unity, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
Shares border with	Oromia Region
Language used	Gumuz, Soddo, Amharic, Harari, Wolane, Tigrinya, Wolayttattuwa
Area	526.99 km²
Postal code	1165
Official website	cityaddisababa.gov.et
Economy of topic	economy of Addis Ababa
Local dialing code	11

Addis Ababa ni umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia(Etiyopiya) ndetse n’umujyi munini kurusha indi yose muri icyo gihugu. Uyu mujyi uherereye mu misozi miremire ya Etiyopiya ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,355 hejuru y’inyanja. Kubera ubwo butumburuke, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi mikuru iri hejuru cyane ku isi ndetse ni wo murwa mukuru uri ku butumburuke bwo hejuru muri Afurika.

Izina "Addis Ababa" rikomoka mu rurimi rw’Amuharike risobanura “Ururabo Rushya”, mu gihe Aboromo bawita Finfinnee, izina rifitanye isano n’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye aboneka muri ako gace.Uyu mujyi ni ikigo gikomeye cya politiki, ubukungu, umuco, uburezi n’ubuhanzi muri Ethiopia. Ni na wo wakira icyicaro gikuru cy’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) n’icy’Komisiyo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ishinzwe Afurika (UNECA), ari byo bituma ukunze kwitwa "Umurwa Mukuru wa Politiki wa Afurika."Saint George Armenian Church Addis Ababa 052020.

Amateka

Amateka ya Kera Cyane

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku tunyangingo ndangasano (DNA) bwagaragaje ko abantu ba mbere batuye isi bashobora kuba baranyuze mu gace kegereye Addis Ababa igihe bavaga muri Afurika bajya gutura mu bindi bice by’isi hashize imyaka isaga 100,000. Abashakashatsi basanze uko abantu bagendaga bava muri Afurika berekeza mu bindi bice by’isi, ni ko ubudasa bw’uturemangingo twabo (genetic diversity) bwagendaga bugabanuka, bikagaragaza ko aka karere gafatwa nk’imwe mu nkomoko z’ingenzi z’ikiremwamuntu.

Igihe cyo Hagati

Mbere y’ishingwa rya Addis Abeba, agace ka Entoto kari mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa none gashobora kuba kariho umurwa mukuru wa kera witwaga Barara. Barara yari umujyi ukomeye wari uzengurutswe n’inkuta n’ibigo bikomeye bya gisirikare. Wabaye icyicaro cy’abami batandukanye ba Ethiopia hagati y’ikinyejana cya 15 n’icya 16. Mu bushakashatsi bwa vuba, havumbuwe ibisigazwa by’umujyi munini wa kera hagati ya Washa Mikael na Entoto Mariyam, bikaba byaratumye benshi bemera ko Barara yaba yarahoze muri aka gace.

Abaturage Bari Bahatuye Mbere

Mbere y’uko Addis Ababa ishingwa, aka karere kari gatuwe n’ubwoko bw’Abagafat (Gafat). Bavugaga ururimi rwa Gafat rutandukanye n’Ikinyamuharike n’Oromifu. Guhera mu kinyejana cya 16, amatsinda y’Aboromo yatangiye kwimukira muri aka karere, bituma Abagafat benshi bimukira mu bindi bice cyangwa bakivanga n’Aboromo.

Ishingwa ry’Umujyi

Ishingwa

Mu mwaka wa 1886, Umwamikazi Tayitu Betul yubatse inzu hafi y’amasoko y’amazi ashyushye ya Filwoha muri Finfinnee. Nyuma yaje kumvisha Umwami Menelik II ko yimurira umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia muri ako gace aho gukomeza kuwugira ku musozi wa Entoto wari ukonje cyane.Menelik II yemeye icyo gitekerezo maze umujyi mushya awita Addis Ababa, bisobanura “Ururabo Rushya”.Mu gihe gito, ubutaka bwinshi bwagabiwe abanyacyubahiro, abayobozi b’igisirikare, amadini n’abafatanyabikorwa b’ingoma. Ibi byatumye umujyi ukura vuba cyane.Abakozi, abacuruzi, abanyabukorikori ndetse n’abanyamahanga batangiye kuhatura, bituma Addis Abeba iba umujyi ukomeye cyane.

Mu kinyejana cya 20

Mbere y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1916–1935)

Mu myaka ya 1920, Addis Abeba yatangiye kugira iterambere rikomeye ry’ubukungu. Ubuhinzi bwa kawa bwazamuye ubukungu bw’igihugu, maze abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati batangira kubaka amazu agezweho, kugura imodoka no gushora imari mu mabanki. Mu 1930, ibikorwa remezo byinshi nk’imihanda, insinga z’amashanyarazi na telefone byatangiye kubakwa.

Igihe cy'Abataliyani (1936–1941)

Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1936, ingabo z’u Butaliyani zinjiye muri Addis Ababa nyuma yo gutsinda Ethiopia mu ntambara. Abataliyani bagerageje guhindura Addis Ababa umujyi wa gikoloni, bashyiraho gahunda nshya yo kuwubaka no kuwutegura. Hubatswe imihanda mishya, inyubako zigezweho n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byinshi. Ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1941, Addis Ababa yongeye kubohorwa, Umwami Haile Selassie agaruka ku butegetsi.

Nyuma y'ubutegetsi bw'Abataliyani (1941–1974)

Nyuma y’ubwigenge, Addis Abeba yakomeje kwaguka no gutera imbere.Abahanga b’Abongereza n’Abafaransa bakoze imigambi mishya y’iterambere ry’umujyi.Mu 1963, Addis Abeba yabaye icyicaro cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (OAU), byatumye izina ryayo rirushaho kwamamara ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ubutegetsi bwa Derg (1974–1991)

Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’Ubwami bwa Haile Selassie mu 1974, ubutegetsi bwa Derg bwafashe ubuyobozi bw’igihugu.Inzu nyinshi n’imitungo byarafashwe bihabwa leta.Nubwo abaturage bakomeje kwiyongera, ibikorwa byinshi by’iterambere byadindijwe n’ibibazo bya politiki n’intambara.

Igihe cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y’Ububirigi (Kuva 1991)

Mu 1991, ingabo za EPRDF zafashe Addis Ababa maze ubutegetsi bwa Derg burarangira.Hashyizweho Itegeko Nshinga rishya mu 1995, Addis Abeba ihabwa ubuyobozi bwihariye nk’umurwa mukuru wa Ethiopia.Uyu mujyi wakomeje kwaguka cyane kubera ishoramari, ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo.

Imitere

Addis Abeba iri mu misozi miremire ya Ethiopia hafi y’Ikibaya Kinini cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (Great Rift Valley).Umujyi uzengurutswe n’imisozi ya Entoto kandi ugabanyijemo uturere tw’imijyi (sub-cities) 11.

Ikirere

Addis Abeba ifite ikirere cyiza kandi gikonje kubera ubutumburuke bwayo.Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hagati ya 20°C na 25°C ku manywa.Imvura nyinshi igwa hagati ya Kamena na Nzeri, mu gihe igihe cy’izuba kiba hagati ya Ugushyingo na Gashyantare.

Abaturage

Uyu mujyi utuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni enye.Amoko yiganjemo ni:

• Abamahara
• Aboromo
• Abagurage
• Abatigaray
• Abasilte

Ikinyamuharike ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa cyane, ariko n’izindi ndimi nyinshi ziravugwa.

Ubukungu

Addis Ababa ni umutima w’ubukungu bwa Ethiopia.Ibikorwa by’ingenzi byinjiriza abaturage amafaranga ni:

• Ubucuruzi
• Inganda
• Ubwikorezi
• Serivisi z’amabanki
• Ubukerarugendo
• Ikoranabuhanga

Ubwubatsi

Addis Ababa ifite imiterere yihariye kuko itubatswe nk’umujyi wa gikoloni nk’indi mijyi myinshi ya Afurika.Ariko nyuma y’igihe cy’Abataliyani, hubatswe inyubako nyinshi zifite imyubakire y’i Burayi.

Umuco

Addis Ababa ni ihuriro ry’umuco w’amoko yose ya Ethiopia.Hari inzu ndangamurage nyinshi, ikinamico, ibitaramo by’umuziki n’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi bitandukanye.

Uburezi

Umujyi wakira kaminuza nyinshi zirimo:

• Kaminuza ya Addis Ababa
• Kaminuza y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga ya Addis Ababa
• Kaminuza y’Abakozi ba Leta ya Etiyopiya
• Ndetse n'izindi ,Addis Ababa ni cyo kigo gikomeye cy’ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri Ethiopia.

Ubwikorezi

Ubwikorezi muri Addis Abeba bukorwa hifashishijwe:

• Bisi za rusange
• Tagisi
• Gari ya moshi yoroheje (Light Rail)
• Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Bole

Gari ya moshi yoroheje ya Addis Ababa yabaye iya mbere muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara.

Ubukerarugendo

Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane harimo:

• Inzu Ndangamurage y’Igihugu cya Ethiopia
• Meskel Square
• Unity Park
• Holy Trinity Cathedral
• St. George Cathedral
• Merkato

Kubera amateka yayo, umuco wayo n’inshingano zayo muri Afurika, Addis Abeba ni umwe mu mijyi ikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba

Amashakiro

1.Addis Ababa - Wikipedia