Adıyaman
Adıyaman ni umujyi uri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Turukiya. Ni ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cy'Intara ya Adıyaman n'Akarere ka Adıyaman.Abaturage baho basaga ibihumbi magabiri na mirongwi cyenda na maganinani mirongwinani nabatatu {290.883} (2024).Abaturage b'uyu mujyi biganjemo Abakurdi.
Uyu mujyi ni umwe mu yagizweho ingaruka cyane n'imitingito ya Turukiya na Siriya yo muri Gashyantare 2023. Inyubako nyinshi zarasenyutse kandi abantu benshi barapfa kubera ko ikirere kibi no kwangirika kw'ibikorwa remezo by'ubwikorezi byatinze kugera kw'amatsinda y'ubutabazi.
Inkomoko y’izina
Abashakashatsi benshi bemeranya ko izina rya kera ry’umujyi, Hisn-Mansur (rikomoka ku Cyarabu ḥiṣn risobanura “igihome” cyangwa “ikigo cy’umutekano”), risobanura “Igihome cya Mansur”. Iri zina rifitanye isano na Mansur bin Jawana, wari umuyobozi wo ku ngoma y’Abamayyade (Umayyad). Amateka agaragaza ko yiciwe muri aka karere mu mwaka wa 758, igihe cy’intambara n’impinduka zikomeye zabaye hagati y’ingoma y’Abamayyade n’Ababbasiyide. Yishwe ku butegetsi bwa Califa w’Ababbasiyide witwaga Al-Mansur, wari umaze gushimangira ubutegetsi bushya bw’Ababbasiyide.
Izina Hisn-Mansur ryari risanzwe rikoreshwa mu nyandiko z’amateka n’inyandiko z’ubuyobozi zo muri icyo gihe, bigaragaza ko aho hantu hashoboraga kuba hari igihome cyangwa ikigo cya gisirikare cyitiriwe uwo muyobozi. Uko imyaka yagiye ishira, imivugire y’iry’Izina yarahindutse bitewe n’indimi n’umuco w’abaturage baho. Kubera ko Hisn-Mansur byasabaga imivugire igoye ku bantu bamwe, ryagiye ryoroshywa mu mvugo ya buri munsi, riza kuvamo Semsur. Iyi mpinduka isanzwe iboneka mu mateka y’indimi, aho amazina y’ahantu agenda ahindurwa n’imivugire y’abaturage bayatuye.
Nubwo iyi ari yo nyigisho yemerwa cyane, hari n’ibindi bitekerezo bivuga ko izina rishobora kuba rifite inkomoko itandukanye—nk’aho ryakomoka ku yandi magambo ya kera cyangwa ku mazina y’uturere twari duhari mbere. Icyakora, ibyo bitekerezo ntibirabona ibimenyetso bihagije by’amateka cyangwa ibyanditswe byabishyigikira, bityo bigakomeza kuba ari inyigisho zidafite gihamya ihamye.
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Aho umujyi uherereye hambere hari umudugudu wa kera witwaga Perrhe, wari umwe mu mijyi y’ingenzi y’ubwami bwa Commagene. Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubwo bwami, Perrhe yinjiye mu bwami bw’Roman Empire, hanyuma iza kuba igice cy’Byzantine Empire. Mu gihe cy’Abaroma n’abaByzantine, uyu mujyi wari uzwi nk’ahantu h’ingenzi mu by’ubucuruzi no mu bya gisirikare, bitewe n’aho wari uherereye hafi y’Uruzi rwa Efurate.
Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, umujyi wafashwe n’Abarabu maze witwa Hisn Mansur (“Igihome cya Mansur”). Kubera ko wari ku mupaka uhana imbibi hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Abbasid Caliphate n’ubwa Byzantine, wagize akamaro gakomeye mu bya gisirikare. Umujyi wari uzengurutswe n’urukuta rukomeye rufite amarembo atatu, kandi wari ufite umuyoboro w’amazi wafashaga mu kuwurinda no mu mibereho y’abaturage. Hagati mu mujyi hari igihome gifite inkuta ebyiri, cyubatswe mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuwukingira ibitero.
Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya cumi na kimwe, umujyi wari mu rwego rw’ingabo za Byzantine mu karere ka Efurate, hamwe n’indi mijyi irimo Edessa, Gargar, Samosata na Chasanara. Ibi byagaragazaga akamaro k’uyu mujyi mu kugenzura inzira z’ubucuruzi n’iz’ingabo muri ako karere.
Mu mwaka wa 1066/1067, agace kegereye umujyi kasahuwe n’umutware w’Abanyaturukiya witwaga Gümüştekin, wafashe iminyago n’imbohe. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya cumi na kimwe, ubutegetsi bwa Byzantine bwari bwaracitse intege muri aka karere, maze umujyi ushyirwa mu maboko y’umutegetsi w’Umuraymeni witwaga Kogh Vasil. Ibi byerekana uko ubutegetsi bwagiye buhindagurika muri ako gace mu bihe by’intambara n’impinduka zikomeye za politiki zo mu kinyejana cya cumi na kimwe.
Imibare y’abaturage
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Abaturage b’umujyi wa Adıyaman biganjemo Abakurdi. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’abaturage mu ntara za Turukiya zituwe n’Abakurdi bugaragaza ko Adıyaman iri mu karere kagari k’Uburasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo ya Turkey, aho Igikurdi ari ururimi ruvugwa n’abaturage benshi.
Inyigo zerekeye indimi n’imibereho y’abaturage zigaragaza ko ururimi rwa Kurmanji (ruzwi kandi nka Ruguru rwa Kurdi) ari rwo rukoreshwa cyane muri iyo ntara. Uretse Igikurdi, ururimi rw’Igiturukiya na rwo rukoreshwa cyane, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, uburezi n’itangazamakuru. Ibi bituma abaturage benshi baba bafite ubushobozi bwo kuvuga indimi ebyiri (Igikurdi n’Igiturukiya), bigaragaza imiterere y’indimi ebyiri (bilingualism) igaragara muri ako karere.
Imiterere y’abaturage ba Adıyaman igaragaza amateka n’umuco by’akarere ka Anatolia y’amajyepfo, aho amoko n’indimi zitandukanye byagiye bibana kandi bikuzuzanya mu gihe cy’amateka.
Ahantu nyaburanga
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mount Nemrut
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Umusozi wa Nemrut ni wo uzwi cyane mu bukerarugendo bw’akarere ka Adıyaman. Uherereye mu majyaruguru y’umujyi, ukaba uzwi ku isi kubera ibishusho binini by’amabuye n’amatongo y’Ubwami bwa kera bwa Commagene. Ibi bishusho byubatse ku mpinga y’umusozi mu kinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yezu, bikaba bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi.
Pirin Cave (Perrhe ya kera)
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ubuvumo bwa Pirin, buzwi kandi nk’aho umujyi wa kera wa Perrhe wari uherereye, buri nko ku birometero 5 uvuye mu mujyi wa Adıyaman. Aha hantu hakoreshejwe nk’ahantu ho gushyingura mu gihe cy’imyaka ibihumbi ishize. Haracyaboneka amatongo y’umujyi wa kera hamwe n’imva zacukuwe mu rutare, zigaragaza umuco n’imihango yo gushyingura y’icyo gihe.
Kiliziya y’Aba-Orthodox bo muri Siriya
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Adıyaman ni ho hari kiliziya rukumbi ikora mu Ntara ya Adıyaman, ikaba ari ihuriro ry’abapadiri n’abakirisitu b’Syriac Orthodox Church bo muri ako karere. Iyi kiliziya yavuguruwe maze yongera gufungurwa ku mugaragaro mu mwaka wa 2012, ikomeza kuba ikimenyetso cy’umuco n’amateka y’abakirisitu b’Abasiriya (Syriac) batuye muri aka gace.
Uturere (Neighbourhoods)
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Umujyi wa Adıyaman ugizwe n’uturere (quarters) 33. Muri two harimo:
- Altınşehir
- Yenimahalle
- Esentepe
Utwo turere tugize ibice by’ingenzi by’imiturire y’umujyi, tugahuriza hamwe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, serivisi rusange n’imiturire y’abaturage.
Uburezi [1]
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mu rwego rw’amashuri makuru, Adıyaman University ni yo kaminuza rukumbi ikorera mu ntara ya Adıyaman. Yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 21, ikaba itanga amasomo atandukanye mu by’ubumenyi rusange, ubuvuzi, uburezi n’ubuhanga, kandi igira uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’akarere.
Ku rwego rw’amashuri yisumbuye, umujyi ufite amashuri azwiho gutsindisha neza no gutanga ireme ry’uburezi. Muri ayo harimo:
- Adıyaman Science High School
- Esentepe Anatolian High School
- Altınşehir Anatolian High School
Aya mashuri azwiho kwigisha amasomo y’ubumenyi n’indimi ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ategura abanyeshuri gukomeza amashuri makuru imbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga.
Ikirere[2]
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Umujyi wa Adıyaman ufite ikirere cyo mu bwoko bwa Mediterane gishyushye (Csa) hakurikijwe imiterere ya Köppen na Trewartha, gihura kandi n’imiterere imwe n’imwe y’umugabane.
- Impeshyi: Irangwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane kandi bwumye. Ubushyuhe bukunze kugera kuri 40 °C (104 °F), naho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’ikirenga bwabonywe ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2000 bwageze kuri 45.3 °C (113.5 °F).
- Icyi: Imbeho irakabije, cyane cyane kubera ko umujyi uri imbere mu gihugu kandi ufite ubutumburuke buhagije. Imvura nyinshi igwa mu gihe cy’itumba. Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bw’ikirenga bwabonywe ku ya 24 Mutarama 1972 bwari −14.4 °C (6.1 °F).
Ibi biranga ikirere bituma Adıyaman igira impinduka zikomeye z’ubushyuhe hagati y’ibihe by’impeshyi n’icyi, bigaragaza ibihe by’ikirere bihariye by’akarere ka Anatolia y’amajyepfo.[3]