AMASO
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Ibara ry'ijisho ni fenotipiki ya polygeneque igenwa n'ibintu bibiri bitandukanye: pigmentation y'imboni ry'ijisho, [1] [2] hamwe n'inshuro biterwa no gukwirakwiza umucyo ukoresheje uburyo bwa turbid muri toroma ya iris . [3] Mu bantu, pigmentation y'imboni ry'iisho iratandukanye kuva mubururu bwijimye ugahinduka umukara bitewe n'ubunini bwa melanin muri epitelium ya iris pigment (iherereye inyuma ya iris). Ibirimo melanin biri muri stroma (irimo imbere y'imboni ry'ijisho), hamwe n'ubucucike bwa selile ya troma. [4] Kugaragara kw'amaso y'ubururu, icyatsi, na hazel biva muri Tyndall ikwirakwiza urumuri muri troma, ibintu bisa nk'ibibara ubururu bw'ikirere bwitwa Rayleigh gutatanya . [5] Ntabwo ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi kiboneka muri iris ya muntu cyangwa amazi ya ocular . [6] [7] Ibara ry'ijisho rero ni urugero rw'ibara ry'imiterere kandi riratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwo kumurika, cyane cyane ku maso y'amabara yoroshye [7].Amaso afite amabara meza y'ubwoko bwinshi bw'inyoni aturuka ku kuba hari izindi pigment nka pteridine, purine, na karotenoide . [8] Abantu n'andi matungo bifite fenotipiki itandukanye mu buryo bw'amaso.[9]
Genetic
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ibara ryijisho ni uruhererekane rukomoka ku turemangingo dutandukanye. [10] [11] Utu turemangingo dushakishwa hifashishijwe amashyirahamwe kugira ngo yihindure mato mato ubwayo no muturemangingo bituranye. Izi mpinduka zizwi nka polymorphism imwe-nucleotide imwe cyangwa SNPs. Umubare nyawo w'uturemangingo ugira uruhare mu ibara ry'amaso nturamenyekana, ariko hari abakandida bake. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe i Rotterdam (2009) bwerekanye ko bishoboka guhanura ibara ry'amaso hamwe n’ibice birenga 90% byukuri byijimye ni ubururu ukoresheje SNP esheshatu gusa. [12] Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko uturemangingo tugera kuri 16 dushobora kuba nyirabayazana w'amaso y'abantu, icyakora, Uturemangingo tubiri nyamukuru tujyanye no guhinduranya amabara y'amaso ni OCA2 na HERC2, kandi byombi biherereye muri Chromosome 15 . [13]
Guhindura ibara ry'amaso
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Abana benshi bavutse bafite ibisekuruza by'abanyaburayi bafite amaso yibara. Mugihe umwana akura, melanocytes (selile ziboneka mumatwi y'umuntu , kimwe n'uruhu n'umusatsi) bitangira kubyara melanine . Kuberako melanocyte selile ikomeza kubyara pigment, mubitekerezo ibara ry'amaso rishobora guhinduka. Ibara ry'amaso akuze rishyirwaho hagati y'amezi 3 na 6 y'amavuko, nubwo ibi bishobora kuba nyuma. [14] Kurebera imboni y'ijisho ry'umwana kuva ku ruhande ukoresheje urumuri rwanduye gusa ntirugaragaze inyuma y'imboni, birashoboka kumenya ahari melanine nkeya cyangwa aho zitari. Imboni y'ijisho igaragara mubururu muri ubu buryo bwo kwitegereza birashoboka cyane kuguma ari ubururu uko uruhinja rukura.[14]Imboni igaragara nka zahabu irimo melanine ndetse no muri iyi myaka mike kandi birashoboka ko izahinduka ubururu igahinduka icyatsi cyangwa hazel nkuko uruhinja rugenda rukura.[14]
Referances
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2005.00268.x
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fexer.1998.0518
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=c2xyxwlm2UkC&pg=PA9
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)
- ↑ Sturm R.A. & Larsson M., Genetics of human iris colour and patterns, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 22:544-562, 2009.
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICCV.2005.215
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fj150239a007
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid
- ↑ Morris, PJ. "Phenotypes and Genotypes for human eye colors." Athro Limited website. Retrieved 10 May 2006.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060909190624/http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~pfuerst/courses/eeobmg640/reading1eyecolor.pdf
- ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573082
- ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573082
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjhg.2010.126
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Burroughs, A. and Leifer, G. (2001) Maternity Nursing: An Introductory Text, W.B. Saunders Medical, p. 172