Abdoulaye Wade

Abdoulaye Wade

Abdoulaye Wade yavutse ku italiki ya 29 Gicurasi (05) 1926 muri Saint- Louis muri Senegali. Yabaye umunyapolitiki, umwarimu muri kaminuza ndetse n'umwunganizi mu by'amategeko. Perezida wa gatatu wa Senegali kuva mu mwaka 2000 kugeza 2012. Azwi cyane nk'umwe mu banyapolitiki bagize uruhare mu kwimakaza demokarasi no gusimburana ku butegetsi binyuze mu matora, muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba.

Mu mwaka 1974, yashinze ishyaka rya politiki ryitwa Senegalese Democratic Party, ryaje kuba imwe mu nkingi ikomeye y'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwa Leopord Sedar Senghor (1960-1980) na Abdou Diouf (1981- 2000). Nyuma y'imyaka mankumyabiri n'itanu mu bikorwa bitavugwa rumwe n'ubutegetsi, gufungwa kenshi, yatorewe kuyobora igiihugu u mwaka 2000 atsinze Abdou Diouf, biba ikimenyetso gikomeye cyo gusimburana ku butegetsi binyuze mu matora mu bihugu bikoresha ururimi rw'igifaransa.

Ubuzima bwe bwite n'amashuri

Abdoulaye Wade yakiye i Saint-Louis mu gihe Senegali yari ikiri mu bukoroni bw'Ubufaransa. Ise yari umucuruzi w'umukire ukomoka mu gace ka Kebemer gaherereye mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, kandi yari yarabanye mu ngabo za Senegali zakoreraga Ubufaransa.

Sindiely Wade , umukobwa wa Abdoulaye Wade muri 2010

Yize amashuri abanza muri Duval muri Saint-Louis n'ayisumbuye mu ishuri ryaa William Ponty i Dakar muri Senegali mbere yo kubona buruse yamujyanye kwiga i Paris, mu Bufaransa. Yize muri Lycee de Condorcet i Paris, nyuma akomereza amashuri makuru muri za kaminuza zitanduanye i Paris zirimo Sorbonne, Besancon cyangwa Grenoble , na Dijon, aho yize amategeko, ubukungu, ubugenge, indimi, imibare n'andi masomo atandukanye, aho yasoje icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza 1950, ndetse yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri Sarbonne. Nyuma yabaye umwunganizi mu by'amategeko ndetse n'umwarimu wa kaminuza. urwego rw'amategeko, yimenyereje umwuga muri Besancon, aho yakuruwe n'umugore wari wubatse witwa Vivian Vert babyaranye abana babiri, Karim Wade na Sindiely Wade Ubwo yagarukaga muri Senegali muri 1960 nyuma y'ubwigenge, yabaye umuyobozi w'ishami ry'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Dakar, aho yanigishaga.

Umwuga mu by'amategeko n'ubuzima bwe bwa Politiki

Mu gihe yari akiri mu Bufaransa, Wade; wari umunyamategeko ukiri muto, yifatanyije n'imiryango w'abanyeshuri bo muri Afurika ndetse n'amatsinda yarwanyaga ubukoloni. Yagize uruhare muri federasiyo y'abanyeshuri b'abirabura bo muri Afurika biga mu Bufaransa ( FEANF); umuryango wavuyemo abayobozi benshi mu bihugu byo muri Afurika nyuma yo kubona Ubwigenge.

Mu mwaka 1958, yasubiye muri Senegali atangira gukora nk'umwunganizi mu mategeko. Yamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka wa 1963 ubwo yaburaniraga Mamadou Dia, wahoze ari Minisitiri w'Intebe wa Senegali, washinjwaga gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi. Nubwo Mamadou Dia yaje gukatirwa igifungo cya burundu, Wade akomeje kuvuga ko urwo rubanza rwari rukomeye kandi rudakwiye.

Abdoulaye Wade muri 2003

Muri Nyakanga (07)1974, Abdoulaye Wade yashinze ishyaka rya politiki yise Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), nyuma yo kugirana ibiganiro na Perezida Leopard Sedar Senghor akamuha uburenzira. Icyo gihe, Perezida Senghor wabaye perezida wa mbere w'iki gihugu, yatumiwe mu nama y'Afurika yunze ubumwe, aho Wade yari yatumiwe nk'impuguke yagombaga kubaganiriza ku buryo hashyirwaho ifaranga rya Afurika. Icyo gihe, aba bombi baraye muri hoteli imwe ariko ntibigeze bahura. Nyuma, Wade abifashijwemo na Moustapha Niasse wari ukuriye ibiro bya Perezida Senghor, barahuye amusaba uburenganzira bwo gushinga ishyaka ariko ritari irimurwanya, ahubwo iryo kugira uruhare mu kubaka igihugu. Nyuma ishyaka rya Wade ryabaye urubuga rw'abashakaga impinduka mu miyoborere y'igihugu.

Mu matora yabaye mu mwaka 1978, Ishyaka rya PDS ryabonye imyanya 17 mu myanya 100 yo mu nteko Ishinga Amategeko, Wade aba umudepite. Muri uwo mwaka, Wade yiyamamarije umwanya w'umukuru w'igihugu ahanganye na Senghor, ariko aatsindwa ku ajwi 18%, Senghor wafatwaga nka Se w'ubwigenge agira 82%. Nubwo Wade yagize amajwi make, ariko yari intangiriro y'urugendo. Nyuma yaho muri 1981, Senghor yasimbuwe ku butegetsi na Abdou Diouf ndetse n'ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rirahinduka. Nyuma Wade yakomeje guhatanira ubutegetsi mu matora yo muri 1983, 1988, 1993, ahanganye na Diouf ariko agatsindwa. Muri urwo rugamba rwa politiki, Abdoulaye Wade yafunzwe inshuro nyinshi kubera ibikorwa bye byo kwamagana ubutegetsi buriho. Wade yahishuye ko yahisemo kujya ku ruhande rutavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, kandi yanabipfira.

Mu matora yo muri 1993, Dakar habaye imyigaragamyo ikomeye. Muri Gashyantare (02) 1994, abapolisi 6 batwikiwe mu modoka mu modoka yabo barapfa bituma Wade atabwa muri yombi. Nyuma y'amezi atanu ari no myigaragambyo yo kwiyicisha inzara, Wade yarafunguwe mu gihe benshi bari bazi ko ari iherezo ry'ibikorwa bye bya politiki ku myaka 68 gusa. Mu mwaka wa 1995, Wade yabaye Minisitiri muri guverinoma yiswe iy'ubumwe ku butegetsi bwa Diouf ariko ayivamo nyuma y'imyaka ibiri (1992), ahabwa iina ry'iritazirano rya Sopi.

Uko yabaye Perezida wa Senegali (2000-2012)

Mu matora yabaye muri Werurwe (03) 2000, Abdoulaye Wade yatsinze Perezida Abdou Diouf ku majwi 58.5%, aba Perezida wa gatatu wa Senegali. Iyo ntsinzi yabaye amateka kuko ari bwo bwa mbere mu mateka ya Senegali ubutegetsi bwari buhindutse binyuze mu matora hagati y'amashyaka ya politiki. Yabaye Perezida ku myaka 73 y'amavuko, nyuma y'imyaka 26 atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi.

Idarapo rya Senegali (2000-2012)

Ku butegetsi bwe, Wade yatangije imishinga ikomeye irimo harimo kubaka umuhanda wa Dakar -Diamniado, kwagura ibikorwaremezo byo gutwara abantu n'ibintu. Wade yateje imbere umushinga wo kubaka ikibuga mpuzamahanga cy'indege cya Diamniadio ndetse yubaka igishushanyo cyo kongera kuvuka kwa Afurika cyafashwe nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi buhanitsi muri Afurika n'ibindi. Yanamenyekanye nk'umuyobozi washyigikiye kwishyira hamwe kwa Afurika no guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo ku mugabane.

Nubwo yageze ku bikorwa byinshi, ubutegetsi bwe bwanenzwe ku bijyanye n'imiyoborere, gukoresha nabi ububasha, ndetse no gushaka ko umuhungu we, Karim Wade, yamusimbura ku butegetsi. Ibi byateje impaka mu gihugu no mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe.

Mu mwaka wa 2012, Wade yongeye kwiyamamariza kuba umukuru w'igihugu ku nshuro ya gatatu, byakuruye impaka zishingiye ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Senegali ryo muri 2001, ndetse hakorwa imyigaragabyo ikomeye. Ubwo abari bahatanye bageraga mu cyiciro cya kabiri, Wade yatsinzwe na Macky Sall wahoze ari Minisitiri w'Intebe we ku majwi 65.8%. Nyuma y'itangazwa y'ibyavuye mu matora, yabyemeye atazuyaje maze ashimira Macky Sall ku ntsinzi ye, bifatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyo kwimakaza ihame rya demokarasi.

Ubuzima bwe nyuma yo kuva ku butegetsi

Karim Wade, umuhungu wa Abdoulaye Wade

Abdoulaye Wade ubu ufite imyaka 100 y'amavuko, yavuze ku butegetsi akomeza kugira uruhare mu bikorwa bya politiki muri Senegali ndetse no gushyigikira ibikorwa by'ishyaka rya DPS. Yagize uruhare mu bukangurambaga bwo gufunguza umuhungu we Karim Wade wari warakatiwe igifungo cy'imyaka 6 azira kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Karim wari warafunzwe muri 2015, yarekuwe mu mwaka w'2016, nyuma yo guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida Macky Sall.

Mu matora aheruka yatsinzwe na Bassirou Diomaye Faye, Wade yahamagariye abanyasenegali kumutora mu matora yari ahanganyemo na Macky Sall wahoze ari Minisitiri w'Intebe ku butegetsi bwe. Ubu Wade atuye mu Bufaransa, aho afite ubwenegihugu bwaho.

Umusozo

Abdoulaye Wade afatwa nk'umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye babayeho muri Senegali ndetse no muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Yagize uruhare mu kwimakaza demokarasi, guhangana mu bikorwa bya politiki no kwimakaza ihererekanya butegetsi binyuze mu matora. Nubwo ibikorwa bye byagiye binengwa mu bihe bitandukanye, umurage we ukomeje gufatwa nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'amateka akomeye ya Senegali. Taliki ya 4 n'iya 5 Kamena (06) 2026, Muri Senegali hizihijwe ubuzima bwa Wade wabayeho mu bihe bitandukanye na n'ubu ugifatwa nk'intangarugero, by'umwihariko Perezida Faye.

Abdoulaye Wade muri 2009