Ishami rymuryango wabibumbye rishinzwe abana
UNICEF (/ / [3] Iki kigo kiri mu miryango ikwirakwizwa kandi izwi cyane ku mibereho myiza y'abaturage ku isi, ikaba ihari mu bihugu n'intara 192. Ibikorwa bya UNICEF birimo gutanga inkingo no kwirinda indwara, gutanga ubuvuzi ku bana na ba nyina banduye virusi itera sida, kongera imirire y’abana n’ababyeyi, guteza imbere isuku, guteza imbere uburezi, no gutanga ubutabazi bwihuse mu guhangana n’ibiza. [5]
Ikigega cy’umuryango w’abibumbye
Ikirangantego cya UNICEF.svg
Amagambo ahinnye
UNICEF
Andika
Ikigega
Ubuzimagatozi
Gikora 11 Ukuboza 1946; Imyaka 76 irashize (nk’umuryango w’abibumbye mpuzamahanga yihutirwa y’abana)
Icyicaro gikuru
Umujyi wa New York, New York, Amerika
Umutwe
Catherine M. Russell
Ishirahamwe ryababyeyi
Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye
Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu n’imibereho myiza
Urubuga
www.unicef.org
UNICEF ni we wasimbuye ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyihutirwa cy’abana, cyashinzwe ku ya 11 Ukuboza 1946, i New York, n’ikigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye gishinzwe gutabara ababana n’ubutabazi kugira ngo gitange ubutabazi bwihuse ku bana na ba nyina bahuye n’intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose. Muri uwo mwaka, Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye yashyizeho UNICEF mu rwego rwo kurushaho gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa by’ubutabazi nyuma y’intambara. Mu 1950, inshingano zayo zongerewe kugira ngo gikemure ibibazo by'igihe kirekire abana n'abagore bakeneye cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Mu 1953, iryo shyirahamwe ryabaye igice gihoraho cya gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye, hanyuma izina ryaryo rihinduka uko ryifashe ubu, nubwo rigumana amagambo ahinnye. [1]
UNICEF ishingiye cyane ku misanzu ku bushake itangwa na guverinoma n'abaterankunga bigenga. Amafaranga yinjije yose kugeza muri 2020 yari miliyari 7.2 z'amadolari; muri bo abafatanyabikorwa mu nzego za Leta batanze miliyari 5.45 z'amadolari. Igengwa ninama nyobozi igizwe nabanyamuryango 36 ishyiraho politiki, yemeza gahunda, ikanagenzura gahunda zubutegetsi n’imari. Inama y'ubutegetsi igizwe n'abahagarariye guverinoma batowe n'akanama k'umuryango w'abibumbye gashinzwe ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, ubusanzwe manda y'imyaka itatu.
Gahunda za UNICEF zishimangira guteza imbere serivisi z’abaturage mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abana. Ibyinshi mubikorwa byayo biri murwego, hamwe numuyoboro urimo ibiro byigihugu 150, icyicaro gikuru nibindi bigo, hamwe na "komite zigihugu" 34 zisohoza inshingano zazo binyuze muri gahunda zateguwe na guverinoma zibakira. Ibiro birindwi byo mu karere bitanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki ku biro by’igihugu mu gihe bikenewe, mu gihe ishami ryabyo ritanga amasoko - rifite icyicaro mu mijyi ya Copenhagen na New York - rifasha gutanga miliyari zisaga 3 z’amadolari y’imfashanyo na serivisi zikomeye.
Ibendera rya UNICEF
Muri 2018, UNICEF yafashije mu kuvuka kw'abana miliyoni 27, itanga inkingo za pentavalent ku bana bagera kuri miliyoni 65.5, itanga uburezi ku bana miliyoni 12, ivura abana miliyoni enye bafite imirire mibi ikabije, kandi isubiza ibibazo 285 byihutirwa by’ubutabazi mu bihugu 90. 9] UNICEF yahawe igihembo kubera ibikorwa byayo, harimo igihembo cy’amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 1965, igihembo cya Indira Gandhi mu 1989 ndetse n’igihembo cy’umwamikazi wa Asturias mu 2006. Mu cyorezo cya COVID-19 2020, UNICEF, hamwe n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi n’ibindi bigo. , yatangajwe ubuyobozi bujyanye no kurera neza.
Amateka
Hindura
Kurema
Hindura
Nko muri Nzeri 1943, inzobere mu buzima bwo muri Polonye, Ludwik Rajchman, yatanze igitekerezo mu kiganiro cyasohotse mu Isi Yigenga cyitwa "Ishami ry’ubuzima ry’umuryango w’abibumbye - Kuki bitabaye?" ko serivisi yubuzima igomba kwinjizwa mumuryango mpuzamahanga uzaza. Yasabye kandi "umusoro w’ubuzima" wishyurwa n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango.
UNRRA irangiye, Rajchman yasabye gukoresha amafaranga asigaranye muri gahunda yo kugaburira abana bahabwa inkunga na Amerika. Uyu muryango washyizweho n’icyemezo cya 57 (I) cy’Inteko rusange y’umuryango w’abibumbye ku ya 11 Ukuboza 1946, cyita Ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyita ku bana (UNICEF). Rajchman nk'umuyobozi wacyo wa mbere, yahisemo Maurice Pate wa komisiyo ishinzwe ubutabazi mu Bubiligi kuyobora iki kigo no "gutekereza ku gutegura igikorwa, ikigega kigamije inyungu z’abana, abahohotewe n’intambara." [12] Rajchman, nk'umuyobozi komite idasanzwe y’umuryango w’abibumbye kandi ku nkunga ya La Guardia, Herbert Hoover na Maurice Pate, bashyikirije inteko rusange umwanzuro. Kuva mu kigo cy’ubutabazi cy’agateganyo mu 1946 gitanga ibiryo n’imyambaro ku bana na ba nyina bavanywe mu byabo n’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, iki kigo cyabaye Umuryango w’abibumbye uhoraho mu 1953, [12] kandi gishyira ingufu muri gahunda rusange z’imibereho myiza y’abana.
Imiyoborere
Hindura
Ihema ryita kuri UNICEF muri Sudani
UNICEF yishingikirije ku biro by’igihugu kugira ngo ifashe mu bikorwa byayo binyuze muri gahunda idasanzwe y’ubufatanye yatejwe imbere na guverinoma yakiriye. Porogaramu ishaka gutegura ingamba zifatika zo kuzuza no kurengera uburenganzira bw'abana n'abagore. Ibiro by'akarere biyobora iki gikorwa kandi bitanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki kubiro byigihugu mugihe bikenewe. Muri rusange imiyoborere nubuyobozi bwumuryango bibera ku cyicaro cyayo mu mujyi wa New York.
Kuyobora no gukurikirana imirimo yose ya UNICEF ni inama nyobozi igizwe n’abanyamuryango 36 bahagarariye leta. Inama y'Ubutegetsi ishyiraho politiki, yemeza gahunda kandi igena gahunda z’ubuyobozi n’imari n’ingengo y’imari. Ibikorwa byayo bihuzwa na biro, bigizwe na perezida na ba visi-perezida bane, buri mu ofisiye uhagarariye imwe mu matsinda atanu yo mu karere. Aba ofisiye batanu batorwa ninama nyobozi buri mwaka mubanyamuryango bayo, perezida akazunguruka mumatsinda yakarere buri mwaka. Nkibisanzwe, abanyamuryango bahoraho bagize akanama gashinzwe umutekano ntibakora nkabayobozi bayobora.
Ibiro by’umunyamabanga w’inama nyobozi bifasha gukomeza umubano mwiza hagati yubuyobozi bukuru n’ubunyamabanga bwa UNICEF, kandi butegura gusurwa n’abagize inama.
Ishuri rya UNICEF mu isanduku ririmo ibintu by’ibanze byigisha umwarimu umwe n’abanyeshuri 40.
Ibiro by'akarere ka UNICEF
Hindura
Ibihugu bikurikira niho hari ibiro by’akarere ka UNICEF.
Ibiro by'akarere ka Amerika na Karayibe, Umujyi wa Panama, Panama
Ibiro by'akarere ka Burayi na Aziya yo hagati, Geneve, Ubusuwisi
Aziya y'Uburasirazuba n'ibiro by'akarere ka pasifika, Bangkok, Tayilande
Ibiro by'akarere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo, Nairobi, Kenya
Ibiro byo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, Amman, Yorodani
Aziya yepfo, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ibiro by'akarere ka Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no Hagati, Senegali
Komite z'igihugu za UNICEF
Hindura
Reba kandi: Urutonde rwa komite zigihugu za UNICEF
Hariho komite zigihugu mubihugu 34, buriwese washyizweho nkumuryango wigenga utegamiye kuri leta. Inshingano yabo y'ibanze ni ugukusanya inkunga mu bikorera, kubera ko UNICEF ishingiye ahanini ku misanzu ku bushake. Komite z’igihugu zishyize hamwe zigera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy’amafaranga yinjira mu kigo buri mwaka, harimo n’amasosiyete, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abaterankunga bagera kuri miliyoni esheshatu ku isi.