Guhinga

Guhinga no gutwika bishingiye ku guhinduranya ni umuco wamamaye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Hejuru ni ishusho ya satelite ya Sumatra na Borneo yerekana umuriro wo guhinga kuva Ukwakira 2006.

Guhinga kwimura ni gahunda yu buhinzi aho usanga imirima ihingwa byigihe gito, hanyuma igatereranwa mugihe ibimera bitangiye guhungabana byemerewe gukura kubuntu mugihe umuhinzi yagiye guhinga ahandi. Igihe cyo guhinga gikunze kurangira iyo ubutaka bwerekana ibimenyetso by umunaniro cyangwa, iyo umurima urengerwa ni byatsi. Igihe cyigihe umurima uhingwamo ubusanzwe ni kigufi ugereranije nigihe ubutaka bwemerewe kubyara bushya kubeshya.

Ibidukikije muri politiki

Guhinduranya guhinga ni uburyo bwu buhinzi cyangwa gahunda yo guhinga, aho, mugihe runaka, mugihe gito, umurima muto uhingwa kandi benshi bari mu byiciro bitandukanye byo kongera gukura. Igihe kirenze, imirima ihingwa mugihe gito ugereranije, kandi yemerewe gukira, cyangwa igwa, mugihe kirekire. Amaherezo umurima wahinzwe mbere uzahanagurwa ku bimera karemano hanyuma uzongere guhingwa mu bihingwa. Imirima muri sisitemu yo guhinga yashyizweho kandi ihamye ihingwa kandi igwa buri gihe. Ubu bwoko bwo guhinga bwitwa jhumming mu Buhinde.

Sosiyete yoroshye no guhindura ibidukikije

Guhindura ibihingwa muri Indoneziya. Igihingwa gishya kimera mu butaka bwahiye.

Reba

Bibliografiya

• Anderson, A. (1997) Ingaruka zabanjirije Polineziya ku bidukikije bya Nouvelle-Zélande: Te Whenua srf. Ibidukikije byamateka mu birwa bya pasifika: Ibidukikije byabanjirije amateka n’ibidukikije (eds. Kirch, PV na Hunt, TL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Yale, New Haven na London, 271-228.
• Bartlett, HH (1956) Umuriro, ubuhinzi bwambere, no kurisha mu turere dushyuha. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi (ed. Thomas, WL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London, 692–720.
• Becker, BK (1995) Gukuraho imigani: Amazone, ishyamba ryumujyi. Ibitekerezo bya Berezile kubyerekeye iterambere rirambye ryakarere ka Amazone, Vol. 15 (ibis. Clüsener-Godt, M. na Sachs, I.) UNESCO, Paris 53–89.
• Boserup, Ester.
• Darby, HC (1956) Kurandura ishyamba ryiburayi. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi (ed. Thomas, WL) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London, 183-22.
• Dumond, DE (1961) Ubuhinzi bwihuse no kuzamuka kwimico y'Abamaya. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba cya Anthropology, 17301–316.
• Ellen, R. (1982) Ibidukikije, Kubaho, na Sisitemu: Ibidukikije byimibereho mito mito. Cambridge na New York: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge.
• Golson, J. (1982a) Impinduramatwara ya Ipomoean yasubiwemo: societe n'ibijumba mu kibaya cyo hejuru cya Wahgi. Ubusumbane muri societe ya Gineya Nshya. (ed. Strathern, A.) Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, Cambridge, 109–136.

• 

  umurima

  Golson, J. (1982b) Kuk n'amateka y'ubuhinzi mu misozi mishya ya Gineya. Melaneziya: Kurenga Ibinyuranye. (ed. Gicurasi, RJ na Nelson, H.) Kaminuza nkuru ya Ositaraliya, Canberra, 297–307.
• Humphries, S. (1993) Gushimangira ubuhinzi gakondo mu bahinzi ba Yucatec Maya: guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kubaho neza. Ibidukikije byabantu, 21, 1, 82-102.
• Kirch, PV (1984) Ubwihindurize bwabatware ba Polineziya, Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, Cambridge.
• Kirch, PV na Hunt, TL (ed.
• Meggers, BJ (1954) Inzitizi z’ibidukikije ku iterambere ry’umuco. Umunyamerika Anthropologue, 56, 5, 801–824.
• Modjeska, N. (1982) Umusaruro nubusumbane: ibitekerezo biva muri Gineya rwagati, A.Strathern (ed. ) Ubusumbane muri New Gineya Highlands Societies, Cambridge: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge, 50-108.
• Scott, James C. (2009) Ubuhanzi bwo Kutayoborwa. Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Yale, Haven
• Steensberg, A. (1993) Gukuraho umuriro Ubworozi: Ubuhanga gakondo kwisi yose. Herning: Poul Kristensen.
• Thomas, WL (ed.) (1956) Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi. Uruhare rwumuntu muguhindura isura yisi, Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Chicago, Chicago na London.
• Turner, BL (1974) Ubuhinzi bwambere bwibanze mu bibaya bya Maya. Ubumenyi, 185, 4146, 118–124.