Uruzi rwa Medjerda

Ikibaya cy'amazi cy'Uruzi rwa Medjerda (Ikarita mu Gifaransa)

Izina kavukire: وادي مجردة (Icyarabu)

Ahantu

Ibihugu: Alijeriya na Tunisiya

Ibiranga imiterere

Inkomoko

— aho riherereye: Tell Atlas, Alijeriya

Aho rinjira (Mouth)

— aho riherereye: Ikigobe cya Tunis, Inyanja ya Mediterane

— aho riri (coordinates): 37°6'42"N 10°12'47"E / 37.11167°N 10.21306°E

Uburebure: kilometero 460 (mil 290)

Ubunini bw'ikibaya: kilometero kare 22,000 (mil kare 8,500)

Igipimo cy'amazi atemba

— impuzandengo: metero kibe 29 ku isegonda (m³/s) (metero kibe 1,000 z'Abongereza ku isegonda)

Umugezi wa Medjerda (mu cyarabu: وادي مجردة), uzwi kandi mu mateka nka Bagradas, ni umugezi wo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru uva mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Alijeriya ukanyura muri Tuniziya mbere yo gusuka mu Kigobe cya Tunis no mu Kiyaga cya Tunis. Ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 450 (ibirometero 280), ukaba ari wo mugezi muremure muri Tuniziya. Uzwi kandi nk’Wadi Majardah cyangwa Mejerda (mu Gifaransa: Oued Majardah).[1]

Inzira y' umugezi

Umugezi wa Medjerda uturuka mu misozi ya Tell Atlas, igize urunigi rw’imisozi rwa Atlas, mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba bwa Alijeriya. Hanyuma utemba ugana iburasirazuba ukinjira muri Tuniziya, mbere yo kwisuka mu Kigobe cya Utica cyo mu Nyanja ya Mediterane.

Uyu mugezi ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 460 (mil 290). Ni wo mugezi muremure kandi w’ingenzi kurusha iyindi muri Tuniziya. Wubatsweho ingomero (dams) ahantu hatandukanye kandi ni isoko rikomeye ry’amazi akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka y’ingano, bikagira uruhare runini mu buhinzi bw’icyo gihugu.

Ubusobanuro mu Kinyarwanda:

Ikigobe cya Utica cyaremwe n’izamuka ry’amazi y’inyanja ryabaye nyuma y’igihe cy’urubura (postglacial transgression) hashize imyaka hafi 6,000.

Nyuma yaho, ibitaka n’ibindi bintu byazanwaga n’Umugezi wa Medjerda (fluvial deposits) byagiye byegerana buhoro buhoro, bituma igice cy’amajyaruguru cy’icyo kigobe kigenda cyuzura.

Uko ibyo byabaye mu bihe by’amateka byamenyekanye hifashishijwe inyandiko za kera n’ibimenyetso by’ubucukuzi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo (archaeology).

Uretse kwifashisha ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku butaka harebwa imiterere yabwo (morphological observations), hifashishijwe kandi amafoto yafatiwe mu ndege ndetse n’ayafashwe n’icyogajuru (satellite) kugira ngo hasesengurwe uko imiterere y’akarere yahindutse mu myaka 3,000 ishize.

Igice cy’amajyepfo y’Ikigobe cya Utica cyuzuye ibitaka n’ibindi byabitswemo n’amazi mu bihe bya nyuma by’isi ya kera (late ancient times).

Mu gihe cy’Ubucurabwenge bwo Hagati (Middle Ages) no mu bihe bya vuba, inyanja yagiye isubira inyuma buhoro buhoro mu gice cy’amajyaruguru cy’icyo kigobe.

Lagune ya Ghar el Melh ni yo isigaye nk’igisigaratongo cya nyuma cy’icyahoze ari Ikigobe cya Utica.

Ubusobanuro mu Kinyarwanda:

Nyuma y’umwuzure ukomeye wabaye mu mwaka wa 1973, Umugezi wa Medjerda wongeye guhindura inzira yawo usanzwe unyuramo.

Kugeza ubu, amazi yawo anyura mu muyoboro (canal) wari waracukuwe mbere kugira ngo uyobore amazi y’umwuzure arenze urugero, bityo hirindwe ibiza byatewe n’imyuzure.

amateka

Mu mateka ya Tuniziya, Umugezi wa Medjerda ni wo mugezi w’ingenzi cyane utanga amazi meza ku mijyi minini n’ahatuwe cyane muri icyo gihugu.

Nanone kandi, ni ingenzi cyane ku baturage batuye hafi yawo. Amazi yawo akoreshwa mu kuhira imyaka, kandi afite uruhare rukomeye mu buhinzi bw’ako karere, kuko afasha kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa no gutunga abaturage.

Kubera ko Umugezi wa Medjerda wari umutungo w’ingenzi cyane, wabereye ahantu h’intambara no guhatanirwa kugenzurwa n’amoko n’ubwami butandukanye harimo Abanyakarutaji (Carthaginians), Abaroma, Abavandali, Ababyzantine, Abarabu, ndetse n’Abanyaturiki ba Ottoman.

Imijyi myinshi ikomeye yubatswe ku nkengero zawo cyangwa hafi yawo, harimo Utica, Carthage, ndetse nyuma haza kubakwa Tunis.

Ibyambu bya kera bya Utica na Ghar el-Melh (byitwaga kandi Rusucmona cyangwa Porto Farina) byaje gufungwa kuko ibyambu byabyo byuzuraga umusenyi n’ibyondo byazanwaga n’amazi (silting), bituma amato atagishobora kubigeramo neza.

Reba n' ibi

Urugomero rwa sidi salem

Amasoko

Dore umusemuro w'ibi bika mu Kinyarwanda:

↑ Beschaouch, Azedine (1986). "Gukura muri Afurika y'Abanyalati n'Abakristu ugana muri Ifriqiya y'Abarabu n'Abasiramu: ibibazo by'inkomoko y'amazina y'ahantu". CRAI (mu Gifaransa). 130 (3): 530–549. doi:10.3406/crai.1986.14420. Byabitswe mu kigega bikuwe mu mwimerere ku wa 2024-01-28. Byasomwe ku wa 2023-10-08.

↑ "Inyigo ku Macungiro Ahuriweho y'Ikibasumba cy'Uruzi rwa Medjerda | Tuniziya | Ibihugu & Uturere | JICA". www.jica.go.jp. Byabitswe mu kigega bikuwe mu mwimerere ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2009. Byasomwe ku wa 28 Nyakanga 2017.

↑ Ameur Oueslati, Faouzia Charfi & Fadhel Baccar, Ikibaya cyo hepfo cy'Uruzi rwa Majerda n'ikiyaga cy'ididibu cya Ghar El Melh, umushinga WADIInyandikorugero:Rivers of Algeria