Umwanda w’ amazi
Umwanda w’amazi ni umwanda w’amazi, ubusanzwe Uza biturutse ku bikorwa by’abantu, ku buryo bigira ingaruka mbi ku mikoreshereze yabyo. Guhumanya amazi bivamo iyo umwanda uvanze niyi mibiri yamazi. Abanduye bashobora guturuka muri imwe mu masoko ane y'ingenzi: gusohora imyanda, ibikorwa by'inganda, ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi, n'amazi yo mu mijyi harimo n'amazi y'imvura. Guhumanya amazi ni kwanduza amazi hejuru cyangwa kwanduza amazi yubutaka. Ubu buryo bw’umwanda bushobora gukurura ibibazo byinshi, nko kwangirika kw urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi cyangwa gukwirakwiza indwara ziterwa n’amazi iyo abantu bakoresha amazi yanduye mu kunywa cyangwa kuhira. [3] Ikindi kibazo nuko ihumana ry’amazi rigabanya serivisi z’ibidukikije (nko gutanga amazi yo kunywa) umutungo w’amazi watanga ubundi.
Inkomoko y’umwanda w’amazi ni isoko y’amasoko cyangwa isoko idahwitse. Inkomoko y'ingingo ifite impamvu imwe yamenyekana, nk'umuyaga uhuha, uruganda rutunganya amazi mabi cyangwa amavuta yamenetse. Inkomoko zitari ingingo zirakwirakwira cyane, nk'amazi yatemba mu buhinzi. Umwanda nigisubizo cyingaruka ziterwa nigihe. Umwanda urashobora gufata ibintu byuburozi (urugero: amavuta, ibyuma, plastiki, imiti yica udukoko, imyanda ihumanya ibidukikije, imyanda iva mu nganda), ibintu bitesha umutwe (urugero, ihinduka rya pH, hypoxia cyangwa anoxia, ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, umuvuduko mwinshi, ihinduka ryumunyu ), cyangwa kwinjiza ibinyabuzima bitera indwara. Abanduye barashobora gushiramo ibintu kama nibidasanzwe. Impamvu ikunze gutera umwanda ni ugukoresha amazi nkigikonjesha n’inganda n’inganda.
Kurwanya umwanda w’amazi bisaba ibikorwa remezo bikwiye na gahunda yo gucunga kimwe n’amategeko. Ibisubizo by'ikoranabuhanga birashobora kubamo kunoza isuku, gutunganya imyanda, gutunganya amazi y’inganda, gutunganya amazi y’ubuhinzi, kurwanya isuri, kurwanya imyanda no kugenzura imigezi y’imijyi (harimo no gucunga amazi y’imvura).