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Umukoresha:Doc James/Sepsis

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Sepsis
Other names: Septicemia, blood poisoning
Blood culture bottles: orange cap for anaerobes, green cap for aerobes, and yellow cap for blood samples from children[1]
PronunciationInyandikorugero:Ubl
SpecialtyInfectious disease
IbimenyetsoFever, increased heart rate, low blood pressure, increased breathing rate, confusion[2]
CausesImmune response triggered by an infection[3][4]
Risk factorsYoung or old age, cancer, diabetes, major trauma, burns[2]
Diagnostic methodSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),[3] qSOFA[5]
TreatmentIntravenous fluids, antimicrobials[2][6]
Prognosis10 to 80% risk of death[5][7]
Frequency0.2–3 per 1000 a year (developed world)[7][8]
Inyandikorugero:Ubl

Sepsis ni ibintu byangiza ubuzima bivuka mugihe igisubizo cyumubiri wanduye gitera gukomeretsa ingirangingo n'ingingo.[5] Iki cyiciro cyambere gikurikirwa no guhagarika sisitemu yumubiri.[9] Ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara harimo umuriro, umuvuduko wumutima, kwiyongera guhumeka, no kwitiranya ibintu.[2] Hashobora kubaho ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'indwara runaka, nk'inkorora ifite umusonga, cyangwa inkari zibabaza zanduye impyiko.[3] Abakiri bato cyane, abasaza, nabantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri barashobora kutagira ibimenyetso byubwandu bwihariye, kandi ubushyuhe bwumubiri bushobora kuba buke cyangwa busanzwe aho kugira umuriro . Sepsis ikabije ni sepsis itera imikorere mibi yumubiri cyangwa gutembera kwamaraso.[10] Kuba umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso, amaraso menshi, cyangwa inkari nke zishobora kwerekana ko amaraso atagenda neza.[10] Indwara ya septique ni umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso bitewe na sepsis idatera imbere nyuma yo gusimbuza amazi.[10]

Sepsis nigisubizo cyumudugudu ukingira indwara.[3][4] Indwara ya bagiteri niyo itera cyane, ariko kwandura fungal, virusi, na protozoan nabyo bishobora gutera sepsis. Ahantu hakunze kwandurira harimo ibihaha, ubwonko, inzira yinkari, uruhu, ninda zo munda . Ibintu bishobora guteza ingaruka zirimo kuba muto cyane, gusaza, intege nke z'umubiri zatewe na kanseri cyangwa diyabete, ihungabana rikomeye, cyangwa gutwikwa.[2] Mbere, kwisuzumisha kwa sepsis byasabye ko habaho byibuze bibiri bya sisitemu yo gutwika syndrome (SIRS) mugihe cyo kwandura indwara. Muri 2016, amanota yagabanijwe yo gusuzuma kunanirwa kwingingo (amanota ya SOFA), azwi nkamanota ya SOFA yihuse (qSOFA), yasimbuye sisitemu ya SIRS yo gusuzuma.[5] QSOFA ibipimo bya sepsis harimo byibura bibiri muri bitatu bikurikira: kongera umuvuduko wo guhumeka, guhinduka murwego rwimitekerereze, hamwe numuvuduko ukabije wamaraso. Amabwiriza ya Sepsis arasaba kubona imico yamaraso mbere yo gutangira antibiyotike; ariko, kwisuzumisha ntibisaba ko amaraso yandura . Kwerekana amashusho yubuvuzi bifasha mugihe ushakisha aho bishoboka kwandura.[10] Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nibimenyetso bisa harimo anaphylaxis, kubura adrenal, umuvuduko muke wamaraso, kunanirwa k'umutima, hamwe na embolisme y'ibihaha .

Sepsis mubisanzwe isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse hamwe na mikorobe hamwe namazi ava mumitsi.[2][6] Ubuvuzi bukomeje burakomeza mubice byitaweho cyane . Niba igeragezwa rihagije ryo gusimbuza amazi ridahagije kugirango umuvuduko wamaraso ukomeze, noneho gukoresha imiti izamura umuvuduko wamaraso biba ngombwa. Umuyaga uhumeka hamwe na dialyse birashobora gukenerwa kugirango ushyigikire imikorere yibihaha nimpyiko. Catheter yo hagati yimitsi hamwe na arterial catheter irashobora gushirwa kugirango igere kumaraso no kuyobora imiti.[10] Ibindi bipimo bifasha harimo gusohora umutima hamwe na vena cava okisijene yuzuye.[10] Abantu barwaye sepsis bakeneye ingamba zo gukumira indwara yimitsi iva mu mitsi, ibisebe bitesha umutwe, n ibisebe byumuvuduko keretse niba ibindi bintu bibuza gutabara.[10] Abantu bamwe barashobora kungukirwa no kugenzura neza isukari yamaraso hamwe na insuline.[10] Ikoreshwa rya corticosteroide ntirivugwaho rumwe, hamwe nibisobanuro bimwe bibona inyungu,[11][12] nibindi sibyo.[13]

Uburemere bwindwara igice kigena ibizavamo.[7] Ibyago byo guhitanwa na sepsis biri hejuru ya 30%, mugihe kuri sepsis ikabije iba hejuru ya 50%, na septique ihungabana 80%.[7] Sepsis yibasiye abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 49 muri 2017, hapfa abantu miliyoni 11 (1 kuri 5 bapfuye ku isi).[14] Mu bihugu byateye imbere, abantu bagera kuri 0.2 kugeza kuri 3 kuri 1000 barwara sepsis buri mwaka, bikaviramo abantu bagera kuri miliyoni buri mwaka muri Amerika.[7][8] Umubare w'indwara wagiye wiyongera.[10] Sepsis ikunze kugaragara mubagabo kurusha igitsina gore.[3] Ibisobanuro bya sepsis byatangiye mugihe cya Hippocrates.[15] Ijambo "septicemia" na "uburozi bwamaraso" ryakoreshejwe muburyo butandukanye kandi ntibikiri ngombwa.[15][16]

Reba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. ↑ "Blood Culture Collection" (PDF). WVUH Laboratories. 7 April 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2020. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Sepsis Questions and Answers". cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Jui, Jonathan; et al. (American College of Emergency Physicians) (2011). "Ch. 146: Septic Shock". In Tintinalli, Judith E.; et al. (eds.). Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1003–14. ISBN 9780071484800.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Deutschman, CS; Tracey, KJ (April 2014). "Sepsis: Current dogma and new perspectives". Immunity. 40 (4): 463–75. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.001. PMID 24745331.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Singer M, Deutschman CS, et al. (February 2016). "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)". JAMA. 315 (8): 801–10. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PMC 4968574. PMID 26903338. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Sepsis–3_2016" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rhodes A, Evans LE, et al. (March 2017). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016". Intensive Care Medicine. 43 (3): 304–377. doi:10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. PMID 28101605. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SSC–G2016" defined multiple times with different content
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Jawad I, Lukšić I, et al. (June 2012). "Assessing available information on the burden of sepsis: Global estimates of incidence, prevalence and mortality". Journal of Global Health. 2 (1): 010404. doi:10.7189/jogh.01.010404. PMC 3484761. PMID 23198133.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Martin GS (June 2012). "Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: Changes in incidence, pathogens and outcomes". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 10 (6): 701–6. doi:10.1586/eri.12.50. PMC 3488423. PMID 22734959. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Martin2012" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ Chao C, Muming Y, Yanfen C (2019). "Pathological Alteration and Therapeutic Implications of Sepsis-Induced Immune Cell Apoptosis". Cell Death & Disease. 10 (10): 782. doi:10.1038/s41419-019-2015-1. PMC 6791888. PMID 31611560.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Dellinger RP, Levy MM, et al. (February 2013). "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012". Critical Care Medicine. 41 (2): 580–637. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af. PMID 23353941.
  11. ↑ Annane, D; Bellissant, E; Bollaert, PE; Briegel, J; Keh, D; Kupfer, Y; Pirracchio, R; Rochwerg, B (6 December 2019). "Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12: CD002243. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002243.pub4. PMC 6953403. PMID 31808551.
  12. ↑ Fang F, Zhang Y, et al. (February 2019). "Association of corticosteroid treatment with outcomes in adult patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 179 (2): 213–223. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5849. PMC 6439648. PMID 30575845.
  13. ↑ Long B, Koyfman A (November 2017). "Controversies in corticosteroid use for sepsis". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 53 (5): 653–661. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.05.024. PMID 28916121.
  14. ↑ Rudd, Kristina E; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte; Agesa, Kareha M; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Tsoi, Derrick; Kievlan, Daniel Rhodes; Colombara, Danny V; Ikuta, Kevin S; Kissoon, Niranjan; Finfer, Simon; Fleischmann-Struzek, Carolin; Machado, Flavia R; Reinhart, Konrad K; Rowan, Kathryn; Seymour, Christopher W (January 2020). "Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study". The Lancet. 395 (10219): 200–211. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7. PMC 6970225. PMID 31954465.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Angus DC, van der Poll T (August 2013). "Severe sepsis and septic shock". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (9): 840–51. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1208623. PMID 23984731.
  16. ↑ Bone RC, Balk RA, et al. (June 1992). "Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis". Chest. 101 (6): 1644–55. doi:10.1378/chest.101.6.1644. PMID 1303622. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019. Septicemia... has been used... in a variety of ways... We therefore suggest that this term be eliminated from current usage.
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