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Umukoresha:Doc James/Indwara ya Alzheimer

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Alzheimer's disease
Other names: Alzheimer disease, Alzheimer's
Drawing comparing a normal aged brain (left) and the brain of a person with Alzheimer's (right). Characteristics that separate the two are pointed out.
PronunciationInyandikorugero:Ubl
SpecialtyNeurology
IbimenyetsoDifficulty in remembering recent events, problems with language, disorientation, mood swings[1][2]
Usual onsetOver 65 years old[3]
DurationLong term[2]
CausesPoorly understood[1]
Risk factorsGenetics, head injuries, depression, hypertension[1][4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms and cognitive testing after ruling out other possible causes[5]
Differential diagnosisNormal aging[1]
MedicationAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists (small benefit)[6]
PrognosisLife expectancy 3–9 years[7]
Frequency29.8 million (2015)[2][8]
Deaths1.9 million (2015)[9]
Inyandikorugero:Ubl

Indwara ya Alzheimer ( AD ), nanone yitwa Alzheimer, ni indwara idakira ya neurodegenerative itangira buhoro buhoro kandi ikagenda yiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.[1] Nibitera 60-70% byindwara zo guta umutwe.[1][2] Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ni ingorane zo kwibuka ibyabaye vuba aha.[1] Iyo indwara igenda itera imbere, ibimenyetso bishobora kubamo ibibazo bijyanye nururimi, kudahuzagurika (harimo no kubura byoroshye), guhindagurika k'umutima, kubura imbaraga, kutayobora kwikenura, n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire.[1][2] Mugihe ubuzima bwumuntu bugenda bugabanuka, akenshi bava mumuryango no muri societe.[1] Buhoro buhoro, imikorere yumubiri iratakara, amaherezo iganisha ku rupfu. Nubwo umuvuduko witerambere ushobora gutandukana, ubuzima busanzwe bwo kubaho nyuma yo kwisuzumisha ni imyaka itatu kugeza icyenda.[7][10]

Impamvu yindwara ya Alzheimer ntabwo yunvikana neza.[1] Hafi 70% by'ibyago bivugwa ko yarazwe n'ababyeyi b'umuntu, hamwe na gen nyinshi zikunze kubigiramo uruhare.[4] Ibindi bishobora guteza akaga harimo amateka yo gukomeretsa umutwe, kwiheba, na hypertension.[1] Inzira yindwara ifitanye isano na plaque na neurofibrillary tangles mu bwonko.[4] Isuzuma rishobora kuba rishingiye ku mateka yuburwayi no gupima ubwenge hamwe no gufata amashusho yubuvuzi hamwe no gupima amaraso kugirango hirindwe izindi mpamvu zishoboka. Ibimenyetso byambere bikunze kwibeshya gusaza bisanzwe.[1] Isuzuma ryubwonko bwubwonko rirakenewe kugirango hamenyekane neza.[4] Imyitozo yo mu mutwe no ku mubiri, no kwirinda umubyibuho ukabije birashobora kugabanya ibyago bya AD; ariko, ibimenyetso byemeza ibi byifuzo birakomeye.[4] Nta miti cyangwa inyongera byagaragaye ko bigabanya ingaruka.[11]

Nta muti uhagarika cyangwa ngo uhindure iterambere ryarwo, nubwo bamwe bashobora kunoza ibimenyetso byigihe gito. Abantu banduye barushaho kwishingikiriza kubandi ubufasha, akenshi bagashyira umutwaro kubarezi.[12] Imikazo irashobora gushiramo ibintu byimibereho, imitekerereze, umubiri, nubukungu.[12] Gahunda y'imyitozo irashobora kuba ingirakamaro mubikorwa byubuzima bwa buri munsi kandi birashobora kuzamura umusaruro. Ibibazo by'imyitwarire cyangwa psychose bitewe no guta umutwe akenshi bivurwa na antipsychotics, ariko ibi ntibisanzwe, kuko nta nyungu nke kandi byongera ibyago byo gupfa hakiri kare.

Muri 2015, ku isi hose hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 29.8.[8] Akenshi itangira mubantu barengeje imyaka 65 imyaka y'amavuko, nubwo 4-5% by'imanza ari kare-Alzheimer.[3] Ifata abantu bagera kuri 6% bafite imyaka 65 nayirenga.[1] Muri 2015, guta umutwe byahitanye abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.9.[9] Yasobanuwe bwa mbere na nyuma, yitirirwa umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe n’umudage witwa Alois Alzheimer mu 1906.[13] Mu bihugu byateye imbere, AD ni imwe mu ndwara zihenze cyane.[14]

Reba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 : b158. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WHO2017
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 : 677–85. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 : 1019–31. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NICE2014Diag
  6. ↑ Commission de la transparence (June 2012). "Drugs for Alzheimer's disease: best avoided. No therapeutic advantage" [Drugs for Alzheimer's disease: best avoided. No therapeutic advantage]. Prescrire International. 21 (128): 150. PMID 22822592.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 : 329–44. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 : 1545–1602. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 : 1459–1544. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ↑ : 1109–24. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ : 426–40. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 : 18. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ : 173–89. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ : 35–41. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
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