Umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism
| Hypothyroidism | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Underactive thyroid, low thyroid, hypothyreosis | |
 | |
| Molecular structure of thyroxine, the deficiency of which causes the symptoms of hypothyroidism | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | Inyandikorugero:Ubl |
| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Ibimenyetso | Poor ability to tolerate cold, feeling tired, constipation, depression, weight gain[1] |
| Complications | During pregnancy can result in cretinism in the baby;[2] myxedema coma |
| Usual onset | > 60 years old[1] |
| Causes | Iodine deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine)[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Depression, dementia, heart failure, chronic fatigue syndrome[3] |
| Prevention | Salt iodization[4] |
| Treatment | Levothyroxine[1] |
| Frequency | 0.3–0.4% (USA)[5] |
| Inyandikorugero:Ubl | |
Hypothyroidism, nanone yitwa tiroyide idakora cyangwa tiroyide nkeya, ni indwara ya sisitemu ya endocrine aho glande ya tiroyide idatanga imisemburo ihagije ya tiroyide.[1] Irashobora gutera ibimenjkhbswdkjhcso byinshi, nkubushobozi buke bwo kwihanganira ubukonje, kumva unaniwe, kuribwa mu nda, umuvuduko ukabije wumutima, kwiheba, no kongera ibiro.[1] Rimwe na rimwe hashobora kubkjsdkjcaho kubyimba igice cyimbere cy ijosi kubera goiter.[1] Indwara zitavuwe na hypotherroidism mugihe utwite zirashobora gutuma gutinda gukura no gukura mubwenge mubana cyangwa syndrome de iyode ivuka.[2]
Kwisi yose, iyode nkeya mumirire niyo mpamvu itera hypotherroidism.[5][6] Indwara ya tiroyide ya Hashimoto niyo itera hypotherroidism mu bihugu bifite iyode ihagije.[1] Impamvu zidakunze kubaho harimo kuvura mbere hakoreshejwe iyode ya radiyo, gukomeretsa hypothalamus cyangwa glande y'imbere ya pitoito, imiti imwe n'imwe, kubura tiroyide ikora mugihe cyo kuvuka, cyangwa kubagwa tiroyide.[1][7] Kwipimisha hypotherroidism, iyo bikekwa, birashobora kwemezwa hifashishijwe ibizamini byamaraso bipima imisemburo itera tiroyide (TSH) hamwe na tiroxine.[1]
Iyode yumunyu yarinze hypotherroidism mubantu benshi.[4] Gusimbuza imisemburo ya tiroyide na levothyroxine ivura hypotherroidism.[1] Inzobere mu buvuzi zihindura igipimo ukurikije ibimenyetso nibisanzwe bya tiroxine na TSH.[1] Imiti ya tiroyide ifite umutekano mugihe utwite.[1] Nubwo ingano ihagije yode yimirire ari ngombwa, byinshi birashobora kwangiza uburyo bwihariye bwa hypotherroidism.[1]
Kw'isi yose abantu bagera kuri miliyari imwe bavuga ko babuze iyode; icyakora, ntibizwi inshuro ibi bivamo hypotherroidism.[8] Muri Amerika, hypotherroidism ibaho 0.3–0.4% byabantu.[5] Subclinical hypotherroidism, uburyo bworoheje bwa hypotherroidism irangwa nurwego rusanzwe rwa tiroxine ndetse nu rwego rwo hejuru rwa TSH, bikekwa ko bibaho muri 4.3-8.5% byabantu muri Amerika.[5] Hypothyroidism ikunze kugaragara ku bagore kurusha abagabo.[1] Abantu barengeje imyaka 60 bakunze kwibasirwa.[1] Imbwa zizwiho kandi kwandura hypotherroidism, kimwe ninjangwe nifarashi, nubwo bidakunze kubaho.[9] Ijambo "hypotherroidism" riva mu kigereki hypo- risobanura kugabanuka, tiroyose yo gukingira, na eidos kumiterere.[10]
Reba
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Hypothyroidism". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- 1 2 Preedy, Victor (2009). Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Burlington: Elsevier. p. 616. ISBN 9780080920863. Archived from the original on 2020-05-18. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ Ferri, Fred F. (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter H. ISBN 978-0323076999.
- 1 2 Syed S (April 2015). "Iodine and the "near" eradication of cretinism". Pediatrics. 135 (4): 594–6. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3718. PMID 25825529.
- 1 2 3 4 Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, Pessah-Pollack R, Singer PA, Woeber KA (December 2012). "Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association" (PDF). Thyroid. 22 (12): 1200–35. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0205. PMID 22954017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-14. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ Chakera AJ, Pearce SH, Vaidya B (2012). "Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: current approaches and future possibilities". Drug Design, Development and Therapy (Review). 6: 1–11. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S12894. PMC 3267517. PMID 22291465.
- ↑ Persani L (September 2012). "Clinical review: Central hypothyroidism: pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic challenges". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (Review). 97 (9): 3068–78. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1616. PMID 22851492.
- ↑ Cooper, DS; Braverman LE, eds. (2012-07-12). Werner & Ingbar's the thyroid : a fundamental and clinical text (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. p. 552. ISBN 978-1451120639. Archived from the original on 2016-05-20.
- ↑ "Hypothyroidism". Merck Veterinary Manual, 10th edition (online version). 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-08-23. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ↑ Mosby's Medical Dictionary (9 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. p. 887. ISBN 9780323112581. Archived from the original on 2016-03-07.