Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda ku burezi n’imibereho

Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda ku burezi n’imibereho busobanura ihame ry’uko buri mwana agomba kurindwa, kurindwa ihohoterwa, no kubona amahirwe angana yo kwiga no kugira imibereho myiza. Mu Rwanda, Leta, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nka UNICEF Rwanda bafatanyiriza hamwe mu gushyira mu bikorwa politiki n’amategeko agamije guteza imbere imibereho y’umwana no kumurinda .

Amategeko n’ishingiro ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana

Uburenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda bushingiye ku Itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y'u Rwanda n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga, harimo Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) yashyiriweho umukono mu 1989. Amategeko y’u Rwanda arimo:

• Itegeko No 54/2011 ryo ku wa 14 Ukuboza 2011 rigena uburenganzira n’itegurwa ry’umwana Uburenganzira bw'umwana mu Rwanda bugenwa n'amategeko yashyizweho na Leta

• Itegeko No 71/2018 rigena uburyo bwo kurengera abana n’uburyo bwo guhana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana

• National Commission for Children (NCC) ifite inshingano zo gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry’aya mategeko no gushyigikira gahunda zita ku bana mu gihugu.

Aya mategeko ashimangira ko buri mwana afite uburenganzira bwo kubaho, kurindwa ihohoterwa, kwiga, kugira ubuzima bwiza, no kugira amahirwe angana n’abandi bana bose mu gihugu .

Uburenganzira ku burezi

Uburezi ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi mu burenganzira bw’umwana mu Rwanda. Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) yashyizeho gahunda yo kugeza uburezi kuri bose (Education for All) aho abana bose bagomba kubona amahirwe angana yo kwiga kuva ku rwego rw’incuke kugeza ku rwego rwisumbuye.

Ireme ry’uburezi

U Rwanda rwateye imbere mu kwandikisha abana mu mashuri abanza hafi ku gipimo cya 98%, nk’uko byagaragajwe na UNICEF Rwanda mu 2023. Ariko, hari imbogamizi zikigaragara zirimo ubwinshi bw’abanyeshuri mu ishuri rimwe, ibikoresho bike n’ubuke bw’abarimu bafite ubumenyi bujyanye n’igihe .

Uburezi bw’incuke (ECD)

Gahunda za Early Childhood Development (ECD) zashyizwe imbere kugira ngo abana bato babone serivisi z’uburezi, ubuzima n’imirire myiza mbere y’uko batangira amashuri abanza. Izi gahunda zifatwa nk’urufunguzo rwo kuzamura ireme ry’uburezi ry’umwana kuva akiri muto. Leta y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa nka UNICEF n’Imbuto Foundation bafatanya mu kubaka ibigo by’incuke no guhugura abarimu b’abana bato .

Uburezi burimo bose (Inclusive Education)

Mu rwego rwo kurengera abana bafite ubumuga, u Rwanda rwashyizeho gahunda y’uburezi burimo bose, aho abana bose biga hamwe kandi bagahabwa ubufasha bukenewe. Ibi bikorwa birimo kubaka ibyumba by’amashuri bifite uburenganzira kuri bose, gutanga ibikoresho byihariye, no guhugura abarimu mu kwigisha abana bafite ubumuga .

Imibereho y’umwana

Imibereho myiza y’umwana mu Rwanda yibanda ku buzima, imirire, umutekano, n’uburere mu muryango.

Ubuzima n’imirire

Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda yo gutanga Mutuelle de Santé ku bana bose, by’umwihariko abaturuka mu miryango ikennye. Hari kandi gahunda za Isange One Stop Center zifasha abana bahohotewe kubona ubufasha bwihuse mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, amategeko n’ihungabana .

Uburinzi n’iterambere

Abana barengerwa n’amategeko igihe bahura n’ihohoterwa, guta ishuri, cyangwa gukoreshwa imirimo ivunanye. Inzego z’ibanze, ababyeyi n’amashuri bifatanya mu gukurikirana abana bafite ibibazo, binyuze mu bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze n’abajyanama b’ubuzima . National Commission for Children ikorana n’amadini, amashuri n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta mu bukangurambaga bwo kurengera abana .

Imibare n’ibigaragara mu bushakashatsi

Nk’uko EICV7 Thematic Report: Education (2023/24) yabigaragaje, 47% by’abana barangiza amashuri abanza badafite ubumenyi bw’ibanze bukwiye mu gusoma no mu mibare . Ariko, ubwitabire mu mashuri y’incuke n’ayisumbuye bwiyongereye ku kigero cyisumbuye cyane ugereranyije n’imyaka yashize, bigaragaza intambwe ishimishije mu rwego rw’uburezi .

Imbogamizi zihari

Ubuke bw’ibikoresho n’abarimu mu mashuri y’ibanze .

Ibibazo by’imibereho mibi bituma bamwe bata ishuri .

Abana bafite ubumuga batarabona amahirwe angana n’abandi.

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana rikitabirwa kugaragazwa n’amategeko.

Inama n’ingamba z’iterambere

Gukomeza gushora imari mu burezi bw’incuke n’ireme ry’uburezi .

Guhugura abarimu ku buryo bwo kwigisha abana bafite ubumuga.

Gukomeza gahunda z’uburenganzira bw’umwana mu nzego z’ibanze no mu miryango .

Gukoresha ubushakashatsi buhoraho mu gusuzuma ireme ry’uburezi n’imibereho y’abana.