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Ubumuga bwo kutumva

Kubijyanye na Wikipedia
Hearing loss
Other names: Hearing impaired, Hard of hearing; anakusis or anacusis is total deafness[1]
A stylized white ear, with two white bars surrounding it, on a blue background.
The international symbol of deafness and hearing loss
SpecialtyOtorhinolaryngology, audiology
IbimenyetsoDecreased ability to hear
ComplicationsLoneliness, Social isolation[2]
TypesConductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss, central auditory dysfunction[3]
CausesGenetics, aging, exposure to noise, some infections, birth complications, trauma to the ear, certain medications or toxins[2]
Diagnostic methodHearing tests
PreventionImmunization, proper care around pregnancy, avoiding loud noise, avoiding certain medications[2]
TreatmentHearing aids, sign language, cochlear implants, subtitles[2]
Frequency1.33 billion / 18.5% (2015)[4]
Inyandikorugero:Ubl

Ubumuga bwo kumva, bizwi kandi nko kutumva. Umuntu utumva ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva.[2] Kubura kumva bishobora kugaragara k'ugutwi kumwe cyangwa yombi.[2] Mu bana, ibibazo byo kutumva bishobora kugira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kwiga ururimi ruvugwa kandi mubantu bakuru bishobora guteza ingorane mubikorwa by'imibereho no kukazi.[5] Kubura kumva bishobora kuba igihe gito cyangwa gihoraho. Kubura kumva bijyanye n'imyaka mu busanzwe bigira ingaruka kumatwi yombi kandi biterwa no gutakaza umusatsi wa cochlear.[6] Mu bantu bamwe, cyane cyane abantu bakuze, kutumva bishobora kuvamo irungu.[2]

Indwara yo kutumva ishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi, zirimo: genetika, gusaza, guhura n'urusaku, indwara zimwe na zimwe, ingorane zavutse, ihahamuka ry'ugutwi, n'imiti imwe n'imwe cyangwa uburozi.[2] Indwara isanzwe itera kutumva ni indwara zidakira.[2] Indwara zimwe na zimwe mugihe utwite, nka cytomegalovirus, sifilis na rubella, nazo zishobora gutera umwana kutumva.[2][7] Gutakaza kumva birasuzumwa mugihe ibizamini byo kumva bisanga umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva décibel 25 byibura ugutwi.[2] Kwipimisha kutumva neza birasabwa kubana bavutse bose.[5] Kubura kumva bishobora gushyirwa mubice byoroheje (25 kugeza 40 dB ), biringaniye (41 kugeza 55 dB), biringaniye bikabije (56 kugeza 70 dB), bikomeye (71 kugeza 90 dB), cyangwa byimbitse (birenze 90 dB).[2] Hariho ubwoko butatu bwingenzi bwo kutumva: gutakaza kwumva, kubura kumva, no kutumva neza.[3]

Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyo kutumva kw'isi yose irashobora kwirindwa hifashishijwe ingamba z'ubuzima rusange.[2] Ibikorwa nk'ibi birimo gukingira, kwita ku gutwita neza, kwirinda urusaku rwinshi, no kwirinda imiti imwe n'imwe.[2] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima rirasaba ko urubyiruko rugabanya amajwi menshi ndetse no gukoresha amajwi bwite ku isaaha imwe ku munsi mu rwego rwo kugabanya urusaku.[8] Kumenyekanisha hakiri kare no gushyigikirwa ni ngombwa cyane mubana.[2] Kubikoresho byinshi byumva, ururimi rwamarenga, cochlear yatewe hamwe na subtitles ni ingirakamaro.[2] Gusoma iminwa n'ubundi buhanga bwingirakamaro bamwe batezimbere.[2] Kubona ibikoresho byumva, ariko, bigarukira mubice byinshi byisi.[2]

Kugeza mu 2013 kutumva bigira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyari 1,1 ku rugero runaka.[9] Itera ubumuga ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 466 (5% by'abatuye isi), n'ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije ku bantu miliyoni 124.[2][10][11] Mu bafite ubumuga buciriritse kandi bukabije miliyoni 108 baba mu bihugu byinjiza amafaranga make kandi yo hagati.[10] Mu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva, byatangiye mu bwana miliyoni 65.[12] Abakoresha ururimi rw'amarenga kandi bagize umuco w'abatumva babona ko bafite itandukaniro aho kuba uburwayi.[13] Benshi mu bagize ubumuga w’amatwi barwanya kugerageza gukiza ubumuga bwo kutumva [14][15] kandi bamwe muri bo muri uyu muryango babona ko hashyizweho cochlear bafite impungenge kuko bafite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho umuco wabo.[16] Ijambo "kutumva" akenshi rifatwa nabi kuko ryibanda kubyo abantu badashobora gukora.[13]

Reba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. ↑ Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier, archived from the original on 2014-01-11, retrieved 2020-08-06.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "Deafness and hearing loss Fact sheet N°300". March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. 1 2 Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJ (2014). "Deafness and Hereditary Hearing Loss Overview". In Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Stephens K, Amemiya A (eds.). GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301607. Archived from the original on 2019-02-09. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  4. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  5. 1 2 Lasak JM, Allen P, McVay T, Lewis D (March 2014). "Hearing loss: diagnosis and management". Primary Care. 41 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.003. PMID 24439878.
  6. ↑ Schilder, Anne Gm; Chong, Lee Yee; Ftouh, Saoussen; Burton, Martin J. (2017). "Bilateral versus unilateral hearing aids for bilateral hearing impairment in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12: CD012665. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012665.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6486194. PMID 29256573.
  7. ↑ Fowler KB (December 2013). "Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: audiologic outcome". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 57 Suppl 4 (suppl_4): S182-4. doi:10.1093/cid/cit609. PMC 3836573. PMID 24257423.
  8. ↑ "1.1 billion people at risk of hearing loss WHO highlights serious threat posed by exposure to recreational noise" (PDF). who.int. 27 February 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  9. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472. {{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. 1 2 WHO (2008). The global burden of disease: 2004 update (PDF). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. p. 35. ISBN 9789241563710. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-06-24.
  11. ↑ Olusanya BO, Neumann KJ, Saunders JE (May 2014). "The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 92 (5): 367–73. doi:10.2471/blt.13.128728. PMC 4007124. PMID 24839326.
  12. ↑ Elzouki, Abdelaziz Y (2012). Textbook of clinical pediatrics (2 ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 602. ISBN 9783642022012. Archived from the original on 2015-12-14.
  13. 1 2 "Community and Culture - Frequently Asked Questions". nad.org. National Association of the Deaf. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  14. ↑ "Sound and Fury - Cochlear Implants - Essay". www.pbs.org. PBS. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  15. ↑ "Understanding Deafness: Not Everyone Wants to Be 'Fixed'". www.theatlantic.com. The Atlantic. 2013-08-09. Archived from the original on 2015-07-30. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  16. ↑ Sparrow, Robert (2005). "Defending Deaf Culture: The Case of Cochlear Implants" (PDF). The Journal of Political Philosophy. 13 (2): 135–152. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9760.2005.00217.x. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
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