Théoneste Bagosora
Théoneste Bagosora (wavutse ku ya 16 Kanama 1941 - Ku ya 25 Nzeri 2021) yahoze ari umusirikare mukuru mu Rwanda. Azwi cyane cyane ku ruhare runini yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 , akaba yarakatiwe igifungo cya burundu n'urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw'u Rwanda (ICTR). Igihano cyagabanijwe kugeza ku myaka 35 y'igifungo mu bujurire.
| Théoneste Bagosora | |
|---|---|
| Yavutse | 16 Kanama 1941
Giciye, Akarere ka Nyabihu, Intara y'Iburengerazuba, u Rwanda |
| Urupfu | 25 Nzeri 2021 (imyaka 80) |
| Umwuga | Umusirikare mukuru |
| Imiterere y'icyaha | Afunzwe |
| Imyaka irakora | 1964-1994 |
| Ishami rya gisirikare | Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda |
| Icyaha | Ibyaha bya Jenoside byibasiye inyokomuntu
Ibyaha by'intambara |
| Igihano | Igifungo cya burundu |
Amateka n'umwuga
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Bagosora yavukiye i Giciye ahahoze ari Akarere ka Nyabihu , Intara y'Iburengerazuba , u Ruanda. Mu 1964 yarangije muri École des oficiales (Ishuri rya Ofisiye) i Kigali afite ipeti rya liyetona wa kabiri, akomeza amasomo ye mu Bufaransa. Mu mirimo ye ya gisirikare yabaye umuyobozi wa kabiri wa militaire ya École supérieure (Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare) i Kigali ndetse anayobora ikigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe.
Yashyizwe ku mwanya wa minisitiri w'ingabo muri Directeur du cabinet (umuyobozi mukuru) muri Minisiteri y'Ingabo muri Kamena 1992. Nubwo yavuye ku gisirikare ku mugaragaro ku ya 23 Nzeri 1993, yagumanye uyu mwanya kugegau muri muri 1994.
Uruhare muri jenoside
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Bigaragara ko, kugeza aho habaye umuteguro rusange wibikorwa byose, iri tandukaniro rigomba kujya kuri Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora. -
Bagosora yavukiye mu karere kamwe ko mu majyaruguru nka Juvénal Habyarimana, perezida wu Rwanda kuva 1973 kugeza 1994. Yahujwe na Clan de Madame , nyuma uzwi nkaakazu , itsinda rifitanye isano Agathe Habyarimana, muka perezida, wari kuri neux yingengabitekerezo yapoder hutu.
Nubwo yari yitabiriye imishyikirano ya Arusha Amasezerano muri Kanama 1993, ntabwo yigeze abemeza kandi avugwa cyane avuga ko, byose bimaze gusinywa, ko azasubira mu Rwanda "kwitegura imperuka." Luc Marchal , umusirikare mukuru w’umubiligi wabaye umuyobozi wumurenge wa Kigali muri UNAMIR, yatangaje ko Bagosora yamubwiye ko inzira imwe rukumbi yo gukemura ibibazo by’u Rwanda ari ugukuraho Uwiteka abatutsis.
Bagosora yari ashinzwe gushinga imitwe yitwara gisirikare "kwirwanaho" ,. Interahamwe, yakora muri komine zose zigihugu. Aya matsinda yagombaga gukora afatanije n’abapolisi baho, imitwe yitwara gisirikare ndetse n’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare. Bagosora yari ashinzwe kandi gukwirakwiza intwaro n'imipanga mu Rwanda. Hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, u Rwanda rwatumije imihoro irenga 500.000, bikubye kabiri ibyo byatumizaga mu myaka yashize. Hakozwe urutonde rugaragaza abantu nkabanzi. Icyiciro cyashyizweho.
Ahagana ku isaha ya saa 8.15 z'ijoro ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yari arimo asubira i Kigali nyuma y'inama ubwo su avión fue alcanzadona misile ebyiri zarashwe hasi. Indege yakoze impanuka, ihitana abantu bose bari bayirimo. Umwanya wa guverinoma z’Amerika n’u Rwanda ni uko misile zarashwe mu kigo cya Kanombe, cyagenzurwaga n’ingabo za Perezida. Amakuru y'urupfu rwa perezida yarakwirakwiriye maze ubwicanyi butangira.
Nyuma y'ubwo bwicanyi, Koloneli Bagosora ari kumwe na Koloneli Rwagafilita bakusanyije abayoboke maze batumiza inama ya komite ishinzwe ibibazo. Romeo Dallaire, umuyobozi w'umuryango w'abibumbye yaratumiwe, agezeyo gushaka ubuyobozi bukuru bw'ingabo z'u Ruanda. Dallaire yanze icyifuzo cya Bagosora cyo gusaba ko ingabo zigenzura ibibazo bya politiki kugeza igihe bazishyikiriza abanyapolitiki kandi amwibutsa ko u Ruanda rugifite guverinoma iyobowe na Minisitiri w'intebeAgathe Uwilingiyimana. Bagosora yasubije ko adashoboye kuyobora igihugu. Nyuma yamasaha make, Madame Agathe yiciwe numugabo we nabagize ingabo za perezida ningabo. Bagosora sorprende a kunanirwa gushaka ko ingabo zifata umwanya wa guverinoma, iryo tsinda ryatangiye gufata guverinoma y'agateganyo. Guverinoma y'agateganyo yari itsinda ry'amashyaka menshi, ariko yose yaturutse mu bice bitoroshye by'amashyaka yabo.
Ubwicanyimanguera bwatangiye mu gihugu. Abatutsi benshi bakomeye hamwe nabahutu bashyira mu gaciro bahise bicwa, amazina yabo na aderesi zabo bari kurutonde.Radio Millegukwirakwiza ubukangurambaga ku bwicanyi. Amakamyo yatangiye kuhagera gukusanya imirambo myinshi. Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 7 Mata, ingabo z’amahoro icumi z’Ababiligi zari zirinze Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe kandi wiboneye ko ingabo za leta zagoswe aho yari atuye, zambuwe intwaro maze zijyanwa mu nkambi ya Kigali, nko muri metero 200 uvuye aho Koloneli Bagosora yari akorera inama. y'abasirikare bakuru. Ingabo z’amahoro zishwe mu masaha menshi n’abasirikare. Mu buhamya bwe, Koloneli Bagosora yemeye ko yitabiriye aho ubwo bwicanyi bwakorwaga, nubwo yavuze ko nta kintu na kimwe yari gukora ngo ahagarike ubwo bwicanyi.Nkuko byari byitezwe, urupfu rw’abasirikare icumi b’amahoro mu Bubiligi rwatumye benshi mu ngabo z’amahoro bava mu Rwanda, bituma inzira y’ubwo bwicanyi ikorwa neza.
Mu minsi 100 yakurikiyeho, abantu bishwe ku buryo butangaje. Umubare w'abapfuye ugera kuri 1000000 zirenga. Imbere yo kwivanga kw'ingabotutsi mu gusubiza jenoside, Bagosora yahungiye mu muturanyi Zaire. "Kugaburirwa no kurindwacampos de refugiados con elGushyigikira miliyoni y'amadolari mu imfashanyo mpuzamahanga, abayobozi Hutu Power bashoboye inama buri igenamigambi gushaka abayoboke bashya. " Ku Bagosora n'umwete uruhare, bari kubaka inzego zabo gisirikare hagamijwe kurangiza Abatutsi.
Urubanza rw'Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda
[hindura | hindura inkomoko]Urupapuro rwo mu gitabo cya Théoneste Bagosora kuva muri Gashyantare 1992 rwerekana ibintu bigize gahunda ya "kwirwanaho kw'abaturage".
Nyuma, Bagosora yimukiye muri Kameruni hamwe nabandi bayobozi benshi b'Abahutu. Aho niho yafungiweAndré Ntagerura. Mu 1997, yagaragaye bwa mbere mbere yu (ICTR) muri Arusha , Tanzania, guhangana n'ibyaha cumi na bitatu by'ibyaha 11 mpuzamahanga bitandukanye, bishingiye ku mategeko ya jenoside, ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu n'ibyaha by'intambara. Urubanza rwahurijwe hamwe n’abandi basirikare bakuru batatu bashinjwaga kuba bafatanije umugambi rwatangiye ku ya 2 Mata 2002.
Mu rubanza rwe, hagaragajwe ibindi bimenyetso byerekana ko mu 1991 we hamwe n’abandi baregwa hamwe bafashije gutegura inyandiko ivuga ko ubwoko bw’abatutsi ari "umwanzi mukuru" wakwirakwijwe cyane mu gisirikare. Bashinjwaga kandi gushyigikira itangazamakuru rishinzwe gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwanga no gukora urutonde rw’abahohotewe.
Urubanza rwasojwe ku ya 1 Kamena 2007, nyuma y’imyaka itanu, Coloneli Théoneste Bagosora akomeje kuba umwere.
Ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2008 , Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda yatangaje Bagosora n'abandi basirikare bakuru babiri bo mu ngabo z'u Rwanda ,. Aloys Ntabakuze na koloneli Anatole Nsengiyumva , icyaha genocidio , crímenes de lesa humanidad na crímenes de guerra aramukatira cadena perpetua. Mu butegetsi ko igifungo yari igihano gikwiye kuko Bagosora, abacamanza urubanza batatu bemeje ko "imibabaro y'abantu yari amahero bitewe n'ibyaha ko ashobora gusa kuba byaramaze amutegeka yabo uruhushya." Urukiko rwatangaje ko Bagosora yari "umutegetsi ukomeye muri Minisiteri y’ingabo y’u Rwanda, afite ububasha ku ngabo" nyuma yaasesinato del presidente Habyarimana. Urukiko rwemeje ko Bagosora yagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Minisitiri w’intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, ingabo 10 z’amahoro z’Ababiligi zari zirinze Minisitiri w’intebe i Camp Kigali, Perezida w’urukiko rw’itegeko nshinga Joseph Kavaruganda n’abayobozi batatu bakomeye batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi,Faustin. Rucogoza , Frederic Nzamurambaho na Landoald Ndasingwa. Byongeye kandi, urukiko rwasanze Bagosora ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gutegura ubwicanyi bwibasiye Abatutsi muriKigali na Gisenyi.. Icyakora, urukiko rw’ibanze rwemeje ko hari ugushidikanya gukomeye ko ibyabaye mbere y’itariki ya 6 Mata byasobanurwa gusa n’umugambi wa Bagosora wagiranye n’abandi, kuko yagizwe umwere ku cyaha cyo gucura umugambi wo gukora jenoside mbere y’itariki ya 6 Mata 1994
Mu myanzuro ya nyuma y’urubanza, uwahoze ari Coloneli Theoneste Bagosora yahamijwe ibyaha 10 by’ibyaha umunani bitandukanye birimo jenoside, ibyaha bibiri by’ubwicanyi (kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda n’icyaha cy’amahoro), gutsemba, gufata ku ngufu, gutotezwa, ibindi bikorwa by’ubumuntu, bibiri ibara. kuva ku ihohoterwa kugeza mu buzima (umwe ku Banyarwanda undi ku kubungabunga amahoro), ndetse no kurakara ku cyubahiro cye.