Rosewood Centre
kigo cya Rosewood cyari ikigo Cyiterambere ry’ababana n' ubumuga giherereye ahitwa Rosewood Lane muri Owings Mills, Maryland
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Muri Werurwe 1888, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Maryland yemeje "Itegeko ryo gushyiraho no gushyiramo ishuri ry’ubuhungiro n’amahugurwa ya Feeble Minded of the State of Maryland" (Umutwe 183, Ibyakozwe na 1888) ryahaye ububasha Inama y’abashyitsi cumi na barindwi yo kuyobora ikibanza cy’ishuri "kizakira, cyita kandi cyigisha abantu bose badafite ubwenge, badafite ubwenge n’abatagira ubwenge. N'ubwo iri tegeko rikomeye, amadolari ibihumbi icumi yonyine niyo yagenewe ubutaka n’inyubako, nyuma y’amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu by’amadolari nyuma y’umwaka. Ubuhungiro bwagombaga kuba ubuntu kubana bose batishoboye bafite hagati yimyaka irindwi na cumi nirindwi, bishyuza amadorari magana abiri na mirongo itanu kubandi bana bose.[1]
Kubera amazu adahagije hamwe n’amafaranga yatanzwe hamwe n’umubare w’abasaba kwemererwa (ugereranyije n’inama y’ubuzima ya Leta mu 1884 kuri 1,319) Inama y’abashyitsi yagombaga gushyiraho politiki ibuza kwinjira. Byashyizweho n'Inama y'Ubutegetsi mu 1899, politiki yo kwinjira yagarukiye gusa ku "bashobora guhura n'amahugurwa runaka hagamijwe ko batezwa imbere mu buryo bw'ingirakamaro no kwibeshaho, mu yandi magambo ni ishuri ryigisha kandi ntirigumane.[2]
Gusa abana b'abazungu bari hagati yimyaka irindwi na cumi n'irindwi. Abahungu bigishijwe guhinga, guhinga no kubaza mu gihe abakobwa bize ubudozi, gukaraba, amata n'imboga, ndetse n'amahugurwa ya serivisi zo mu rugo. Hamwe nubu buhanga, twizeraga ko abagororwa bari kwibeshaho nibarekurwa bafite imyaka cumi nirindwi[3]
Amahugurwa yagize indi ntego nayo, kubera ko Inama y'Ubutegetsi yakunze kwerekana icyifuzo giteye isoni cyo gusaba ubuhungiro kwibeshaho. Ibyinshi mu biryo byakuze cyangwa byororerwa mu murima ukikije kandi hafi imyenda yose hamwe nimyenda yo kumeza byakozwe nabakobwa. Imyenda yose hamwe nogukora isuku byakozwe nabagororwa ndetse nakazi kabo ndetse gakoreshwa mugihe cyo gucukura inyubako nshya mumwaka wa 1892 na 1900.Umurima wakomeje gukora kugeza muri za 1960.[4]
Ikinyejana cya 20
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mu 1900, Inama y'Ubutegetsi yasabye ko hubakwa ishuri ryihariye ry '"ibara ry’ibara rifite intege nke" ndetse n’inyubako y’inyongera ku bana b'igicuri. Ibyiringiro byanyuma byagezweho mugihe Thom Cottage yubatswe mu 1896 binyuze mubuterankunga. Ikindi cyizere cyagaragaye igihe mu 1894 na 1907 Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Maryland yemeje umushinga w'itegeko ryo kwimurira abarwayi bose b'abasazi kandi bafite ibitekerezo bidafite imbaraga kuva mu nyubako z’intara mu bigo bya Leta. Mugihe ibi byateje igitutu ku gihingwa gifatika kuri Rosewood, cyanatumye inkunga ya leta ikomeza.
Kuva mu 1911 kugeza 1933, abarwayi 166, cyane cyane abagore n’abakobwa, basize Rosewood munsi yanditswe na habeas corpus; bakorewe icuruzwa ryabantu, ryaguzwe nabakire nkabakozi batewe inkunga nabakozi badahembwa, bakunze kuvurwa kandi akenshi bagatereranwa n "abarezi babo." Leo Kanner yamaganye aya mahano imbere y’ishyirahamwe ry’abanyamerika ryita ku barwayi bo mu mutwe mu 1937. [5] [6] [7] [8]
Mu muco uzwi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Filime ishimishije ya 2017 Ikigo gishingiye kubigo bya Rosewood. Filime yavuzwe nabayikora kugirango bashingire kubyabaye. [9] [10]
Reba
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ https://slate.com/technology/2014/03/baltimores-rosewood-scandal-wealthy-families-sprang-asylum-inmates-to-be-servants.html
- ↑ https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.94.5.1013
- ↑ https://thedailyrecord.com/2014/03/18/the-baltimore-lawyer-who-caused-a-scandal-at-rosewood/
- ↑ https://thedailyrecord.com/2014/03/18/the-baltimore-lawyer-who-caused-a-scandal-at-rosewood/
- ↑ Bering, Jesse (March 17, 2014). "Baltimore's Rosewood scandal: Wealthy families sprang asylum inmates to be servants". Slate. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
- ↑ Kanner, Leo (March 1, 1938). "Habeas corpus releases of feebleminded persons and their consequences". American Journal of Psychiatry. 94 (5): 1013–1033. doi:10.1176/ajp.94.5.1013. ISSN 0002-953X.
- ↑ Monroe, Rachel (March 19, 2014). "The Dark Past of Baltimore's Rosewood Mental Hospital". Baltimore Fishbowl (in American English). Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- ↑ Jacobs, Danny (March 18, 2014). "The Baltimore lawyer who caused a scandal at Rosewood". The Daily Record (in American English). Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- ↑ Fischer, Maria (March 3, 2017). "James Franco plays a Charles Manson-esque doctor in this real-life horror story". Revelist. Archived from the original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
- ↑ Goldstein, Gary (March 2, 2017). "Review: Co-star/co-director James Franco's gothic thriller 'The Institute' is more silly than chilly". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved February 21, 2025.