Optical braille recognition
Optical Braille Recognition ni tekinoroji yo gufata no gutunganya amashusho ndetse n'inyuguti ya brile karemano . Ikoreshwa muguhindura inyandiko za braille kubantu badashobora kuyisoma mumyandiko, no kubungabunga no kubyara inyandiko.
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mu mwaka wa 1984, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Delft ryateguye igisate cyo gusoma cyo mu bwoko bwa braille, aho umutwe wo gusoma ufite selile zifotora zimuriwe hamwe n’abategetsi kugira ngo bafate inyandiko y’inyandiko umurongo ku murongo ubu buryo kandi bufasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. [1] Mu 1988, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi b’Abafaransa muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Lille bakoze algorithm, yitwa Lectobraille, yahinduye inyandiko za brile mu nyandiko isanzwe. Sisitemu yafotoye inyandiko ya braille hamwe na kamera ntoya ya CCD, kandi ikoresha tekinoroji yo kuyungurura umwanya, kuyungurura hagati, isuri, no kwaguka kugirango ikuremo braille. Inyuguti za braille zahinduwe mururimi karemano hakoreshejwe kumenyekanisha imiterere . Tekinike [2] yari ifite ikosa rya 1%, kandi ifata igihe cyo gutunganya amasegonda arindwi kumurongo. [1] Mu mwaka wa 1993, itsinda ryabashakashatsi bo muri Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kumenya braille yari yarabisikanye hamwe na scaneri iboneka mubucuruzi. [1] ariko, ntabwo yashoboye gukemura ikibazo cyubumuga buri muri gride ya braille, kubwibyo byasabwaga ibyangombwa bya braille byakozwe neza. [3] Mu 1999, itsinda ryo muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong Polytechnic ryashyize mu bikorwa tekinike yo kumenyekanisha ku bafite ibumuga bwo kutabona ikoresheje impande zombi kugira ngo ihindure braille mu nyandiko y'Icyongereza cyangwa Igishinwa. [4] Mu 2001, Murray na Dais bakoze sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha intoki, isikana ibice bito byinyandiko icyarimwe. [5] Kubera agace gato kasikiwe icyarimwe, guhindura gride ntabwo byari ikibazo, kandi hakoreshejwe algorithm yoroshye, ikora neza. [3] Mu 2003, Morgavi na Morando bakoze sisitemu yo kumenya inyuguti za braille bakoresheje imiyoboro yubukorikori . Sisitemu yari izwiho ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo bitesha agaciro kurusha ubundi buryo. [3]
Inzitizi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Byinshi mubibazo byo gutunganya neza inyandiko ya braille bituruka kumiterere yinyandiko za braille. Ubusanzwe Braille yacapishijwe kumpapuro zikomeye, ndetse na wino itanga itandukaniro hagati yinyuguti yazamuye nimpapuro zinyuma. Ariko, ubusembwa kurupapuro bushobora kugaragara muri scan cyangwa ishusho yurupapuro.
Inyandiko nyinshi zacapishijwe inter-point, bivuze ko zifite impande ebyiri. Nkibyo, kwiheba kwa braille kuruhande rumwe bigaragara ko bifatanye hamwe na braille igaragara kurundi ruhande ibi bigafasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kuko biborohera cyane mugusoma izini nyandiko za Braille. [6]
Ubuhanga
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Bumwe mu buryo bwa optique bwo kumenyekanisha braille bugerageza gukoresha amatara ya oblique na kamera kugirango igaragaze igicucu cya depression no gusohoka kwa braille. Abandi bakoresha ibikoresho biboneka mubucuruzi. [6]
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Kumenyekanisha neza
Amashakiro
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mennens, Jan; Tichelen, Luc van; François, Guido; Engelen, Jan J. (December 1994). "Optical recognition of Braille using standard equipment". IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering. 2 (4): 207–212. doi:10.1109/86.340878. ISSN 1063-6528.
- ↑ Dubus, J.P.; Benjelloun, M.; Devlaminck, V.; Wauquier, F.; Altmayer, P. (November 1988). "Image processing techniques to perform an autonomous system to translate relief braille into black-ink, called: Lectobraille". Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol. 4. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. pp. 1584–1585. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94726. ISBN 978-0-7803-0785-8.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wong, Lisa; Abdulla, Waleed; Hussman, Stephan (August 2004). "A software algorithm prototype for optical recognition of embossed Braille". Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004. pp. 586–589. doi:10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334316. ISBN 978-0-7695-2128-2. ISSN 1051-4651.
- ↑ Ng, C.; Ng, V.; Lau, Y. (September 1999). "Regular feature extraction for recognition of Braille". Proceedings Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications. ICCIMA'99 (Cat. No.PR00300). pp. 302–306. doi:10.1109/ICCIMA.1999.798547. ISBN 978-0-7695-0300-4.
- ↑ Murray, I.; Dias, T. (2001). "A portable device for optically recognizing Braille. I. Hardware development". The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001. pp. 302–306. doi:10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974063. ISBN 978-1-74052-061-4.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Antonacopoulos, A.; Bridson, D. (2004). "A Robust Braille Recognition System". Document Analysis Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. VI. pp. 533–545. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_50. ISBN 978-3-540-23060-1. ISSN 0302-9743. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Antonacopoulos" defined multiple times with different content