Magaliesberg

Magaliesberg (amateka azwi kandi ku izina rya Macalisberg cyangwa imisozi ya Cashan ) yo mu majyaruguru ya Afurika y'Epfo, ni imisozi yoroheje ariko isobanuwe neza igizwe ahanini na quartzite. Irazamuka igana mu majyepfo ya Pilanesberge (na Parike ya Pilanesberg) kugira ngo igaragaze icyerekezo kigoramye gihuza umujyi wa Pretoriya mbere yuko gisohora abagera kuri 50 km (31mi) iburasirazuba, mu majyepfo ya Bronkhorstspruit. Ahantu hirengeye ha Magaliesberg hagera kuri Nooitgedacht, nko muri metero 1852 (6076ft) hejuru y'inyanja. Inzira nyabagendwa igera hejuru y'umusozi iherereye ku rugomero rwa Hartbeesoort , itanga amashusho meza ya Magaliesberg ndetse n’akarere kayikikije.

Ubumenyi bwa geologiya

Magaliesberg ifite inkomoko ya kera. Ibiyigize byitirirwa inzira ya geologiya ikurikiranye mu mateka maremare cyane. Quartzite, shale,chert na dolomite byashyizwe mu myanda mu kibaya cyo hagati hejuru y’imyaka miliyari 3 y’imyubakire ya Archaean Basement , izwi ku izina rya Kaapyaal craton. Iyi nzira yo gutembera yamaze imyaka igera kuri miliyoni 300. Hafi yimyaka miliyari 2, kuzamuka kwinshi kwa magma gushonga byavuyemo icyitwa Bushveld Igneous Complex. Uburemere bukabije bw'ubwo bwinjira bwagabanije imyanda yari munsi yacyo kandi ihengamye imyanda ku nkombe ku buryo ibice byavunitse byarebaga hanze no hejuru, kandi byoroheje bikamanuka imbere. Uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ubwo bwinjira bwarashize, cyane cyane ahantu hahanamye, bikora ibinure byimbitse cyangwa ibibaya bitanga ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka urutare k'ubantu ba none. Aka ubu kitwa ikibaya cya Transvaal kandi kirimo no hejuru cyane ya Transvaal Drakensberg ireba Lowveld mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu. Isoko ryinshi ryibikoresho byaka - lava y'ibirunga - ya Karoo Supergroup yari muto cyane nyuma yaje gutwikira ikibaya cya Transvaal, ariko nyuma yaje kwangirika ku buryo iguma gusa ku nkombe y’ikibaya cya Transvaal.

Izina rya mbere rizwi ku misozi ya Magaliesberg ni Dithaba Diloka . Iri ni izina rya se Tswana ryaho ryerekeranye n'ubwinshi bwa Heteropogon contortus ikurira muri kariya gace. Icyakora birasa nkiri zina ryaba ryarakoreshejwe gusa n'abaturanyi ba Sotho-Tswana abaturage baza kumusozi wa Magaliesberg. Abaturage baho bo mu bwoko bwa Tswana bavuze ko ari Dithaba "Imisozi" .

Abashakashatsi ba mbere b'abanyaburayi baje muri ako gace banditse imisozi yitwa "Cashan" cyangwa "Kashan" . Iyi yari ruswa yizina ryumukuru ukomeye wa BaKwena ba Mmatau witwaga Kgwasane wa Sekano (Kgwasane, mwene Sekano) .

Hagati ya 1800s rwagati imisozi yamenyekanye nka Magaliesberg nyuma ya Kgosi Mogale. Mogale isobanura "umuntu utyaye" cyangwa "intwari", ariko kandi ni ijambo risanzwe rivuga umurwanyi cyangwa umusirikare wa Tswana, muri Sotho bogale risobanura "ityaye" naho mogale "intwari" . Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imisozi iri mu majyaruguru, hafi y'Umujyi wa Sun, Pilanesberg, yitiriwe abatware ba Bakgatla baho, bitwaga Pilane.

Ku ya 17Mutarama1837, nyuma yuko bamwe mu ba voortrekkers bagabweho igitero bakicwa n'impis ya Mzilikazi, barwanyije kandi bayobowe na Hendrik Potgieter na Gerrit Maritz, kandi babifashijwemo n’abayobozi bakuru ba Sotho- Tswana, batwara Matabeles mu majyaruguru bambuka uruzi rwa Limpopo . Kubera ko kongera kwigarurira ako karere byari umushinga wa koperative ya Boers na Sotho-Tswana kurwanya Matabele, Boers na Sotho-Tswana bari bafitanye umubano wa gicuti mu ntangiriro yo gutura abazungu. Iyi mibanire ya gicuti igaragarira mu izina ry’umujyi mukuru wa Boer, Rustenburg, kubera ko babonaga ko batagomba kongera kugira indi mirwano irwanya imiryango nyafurika. Boers yabanje gutura mu majyepfo ya Magaliesberg muri Highveld, hasigara Bushveld mu majyaruguru ya Magaliesberg ahanini ku nshuti zabo na Sotho-Tswana n'inshuti zabo; nk'uko byanditswe na Sarah Heckford, Umudamu Umucuruzi muri Transvaal, Boers bari kwimukira i Bushveld gusura abaturanyi babo ba Sotho-Tswana mu gihe cy'itumba. Dukurikije ubuhamya bwo mu magambo bwatanzwe n'abayobozi ba Tswana bwanditswe ahagana mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Boers benshi ku giti cyabo bagiranye ubucuti bwa hafi n'abayobozi bakomeye ba Tswana n'abayobozi bakuru, cyane cyane bagamije gushinga amashyaka yo guhiga kugira ngo bakusanyirize amahembe y'inzovu n'ibindi bicuruzwa baturutse mu majyaruguru. Nyuma yaho, Boers batangiye gutura mu mibande ya Range ya Magaliesberg no mu Bushveld mu majyaruguru ya Magaliesberg, maze bahindura ako karere mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’imirima itanga umusaruro muri Afurika y'Epfo, mu gihe bimuye abahoze ari inshuti zabo, babashyira ahantu hamwe no mu bubiko.

Muri ako gace habaye imirwano ikomeye mu gihe cy'intambara ya kabiri ya Anglo-Boer, kubera ko yari imenyereye cyane imisozi, yakoresheje inzira y'ibanga yambukiranya imisozi kugira ngo igabe ibitero ku basirikare b'abongereza. Mu gusubiza, ingabo z’Abongereza zubatse amazu hejuru y’imisozi hagamijwe kugabanya ingendo za Boer; amatongo yizi nyubako aracyagaragara k'umusozi.

Igenzura ry’imisozi ya Magaliesberg ryagize akamaro kanini ku ngabo za Boer n’Ubwongereza, cyane cyane inzira ebyiri zahuzaga Pretoria na Rustenburg, zambukaga ahitwa Silkaatsnek na Kommandonek. Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri ako karere habaye intambara nyinshi, nk'intambara za Buffelspoort, Nooitgedacht na Olifantsnek.

Nyuma y'intambara, imirima yo muri ako gace yarongeye guhindurwa neza maze ubuhinzi burakomeza,itabi na citrusi bigenda neza.

Mu 1923, urugomero rwa Hartbeespoort, ruherereye muri kimwe mu bibaya by'urwo rwego, rwuzuye. Yabaye ibiruhuko bizwi cyane no muri wikendi kubatuye Johannesburg na Pretoriya, kandi imidugudu ya Hartbeespoort na Kosmos yateye imbere kubwibyo.

Kugeza ubu, agace ka Magaliesberg karacyafite ubuhinzi, nubwo ubukerarugendo ari inganda zikura vuba muri ako karere.

Umusozi wa Kgaswane ni nyaburanga hejuru ya Rustenburg ifite 4,257ha (hegitari 10,520) za Magaliesberg.

Ibigega byinshi bito, byigenga na leta, bigomba kuboneka mu burebure bw'urwego.

Ikigega cya Magaliesberg

Nyuma y'imyaka hafi icumi yo guharanira no gushyira ingufu hamwe na komite nto y’abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, Magaliesberg yatangajwe ko ari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ku isi.

Ibi byatangajwe ku ya 9 Kamena 2015 I Paris n'Inama Mpuzamahanga mpuzabikorwa ya Porogaramu ku Muntu n'ibinyabuzima (MAB). Iyi ni gahunda ya UNESCO igamije kubaka umubano ushyigikiwe kandi urambye hagati y'abantu n’ibidukikije. Mu byukuri, ibi bivuze kwibanda cyane kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima binyuze muburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere ubukungu.

Ihuriro ry'isi yose y'ibinyabuzima, Magaliesberg yinjiye ubu, riharura ibinyabuzima 631 mu bihugu 119.

Umuyobozi w'ishami rishinzwe gutangiza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima rwa Magaliesberg (MBIG), Paul Fatti, yagize ati: "Twishimiye ko dushimira byimazeyo imiterere yihariye ya Magaliesberg n'umusanzu ukomeye itanga mu gihugu cyacu, muri serivisi z'ibidukikije muri Gauteng no mu Burenganzira bw'Amajyaruguru ndetse n'abaturage barera ahantu hanini."

Vincent Carruthers, wahoze ayobora MBIG akaba n'umwanditsi uzwi cyane wa The Magaliesberg, ubushakashatsi bwemewe cyane ku misozi, yavuze ko iri tangazo ari indunduro y’ubukangurambaga bwatangiye mu 2006. Ati: "Nishimiye ko ubu hamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga iyi misozi minini yiboneye ubuzima bwose, uhereye ku nkomoko yayo". "Magaliesberg iruta inshuro 100 umusozi wa Everest ndetse n'igice cy'isi, ni ubutunzi budasanzwe kuri twe muri kariya gace ka Afurika."