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Impiswi

Hindura imbuga
Kubijyanye na Wikipedia
Diarrhea
Other names: Diarrhoea
Watery diarrhea
SpecialtyInfectious disease, gastroenterology
IbimenyetsoLoose frequent bowel movements, dehydration[1]
CausesUsually infection (viral, bacterial, parasitic)[1]
Risk factorsContaminated food or water[1]
PreventionHandwashing, rotavirus vaccination, breastfeeding[1]
TreatmentOral rehydration solution, zinc supplementation[1]
Frequency≈2.4 billion (2015)[2]
Deaths1.3 million (2015)[3]
Inyandikorugero:Ubl

Indwara y'impiswi, nanone yitwa impiswi, ni uburyo bwo kugira byibura amara atatu arekuye, atemba, cyangwa y'amazi buri munsi.[1] Bikunze kumara iminsi mike kandi bishobora kuvamo umwuma kubera kubura amazi.[1] Ibimenyetso byo kubura umwuma akenshi bitangirana no gutakaza uburebure busanzwe bwuruhu nimyitwarire irakaze.[1] Ibi birashobora gutera imbere kugabanuka kwinkari, gutakaza ibara ryuruhu, umuvuduko w'umutima wihuse, no kugabanuka kubyitabira uko bikabije.[1] Intebe zidakabije ariko zidafite amazi kubana bonsa gusa, ariko, ni ibisanzwe.[1]

Impamvu zikunze kugaragara cyane ni kwandura amara bitewe na virusi, bagiteri, cyangwa parasite - indwara izwi kandi nka gastroenteritis.[1] Izi ndwara akenshi ziboneka mu biryo cyangwa amazi byanduye umwanda, cyangwa biturutse ku wundi muntu wanduye.[1] Ubwoko butatu bw'impiswi ni: igihe gito impiswi y'amazi, igihe gito cyo gucibwamo amaraso, hamwe n'impiswi ikomeza (kumara ibyumweru birenga bibiri, bishobora kuba amazi cyangwa amaraso).[1] Igihe gito impiswi y'amazi irashobora guterwa na kolera, nubwo ibi bidasanzwe mubihugu byateye imbere.[1] Niba amaraso ahari, bizwi kandi nka dysentery.[1] Impamvu nyinshi zitandura zirashobora gutera impiswi.[4] Muri byo harimo kutoroherana kwa lactose, syndrome de munda, kutagira celiac gluten sensitivite, indwara ya celiac, indwara zifata amara nka colitis ulcerative colitis, hyperthyroidism, diarrhea aside aside, hamwe n'imiti myinshi.[4][5] Mubihe byinshi, imico yintebe kugirango yemeze impamvu nyayo ntabwo isabwa.[6]

Indwara y'impiswi irashobora kwirindwa no kunoza isuku, amazi meza yo kunywa, no gukaraba intoki n'isabune.[1] Kwonsa byibuze amezi atandatu no gukingira rotavirus nabyo birasabwa.[1] Igisubizo cyo mu kanwa (ORS) - amazi meza afite umunyu mwinshi hamwe n'isukari - nuburyo bwo guhitamo.[1] Ibinini bya Zinc nabyo birasabwa.[1] Iyi miti bivugwa ko yakijije abana miliyoni 50 mu myaka 25 ishize.[7] Iyo abantu barwaye impiswi birasabwa ko bakomeza kurya ibiryo byiza kandi abana bagakomeza konsa.[1] Niba ubucuruzi bwa ORS butaboneka, ibisubizo byakorewe murugo birashobora gukoreshwa.[8] Kubafite umwuma mwinshi, hashobora gukenerwa amazi yimitsi.[1] Imanza nyinshi; icyakora, irashobora gucungwa neza hamwe na flux kumunwa.[9] Antibiyotike, nubwo idakoreshwa gake, irashobora gusabwa mugihe gito nkabafite impiswi zamaraso hamwe n'umuriro mwinshi, abafite impiswi ikabije nyuma yingendo, nabahinga bagiteri cyangwa parasite zihariye.[6] Loperamide irashobora gufasha kugabanya umubare wamaraso ariko ntibisabwa kubafite uburwayi bukomeye.[6]

Hafi ya 1.7 kugeza 5 miliyari zanduye zimpiswi zibaho buri mwaka.[1][4][10] Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho abana bato barwara impiswi ugereranije gatatu mu mwaka.[1] Impfu zose zatewe n'impiswi zigera kuri 1.26 miliyoni muri 2013 - munsi ya 2.58 miliyoni mu 1990.[11] Mu mwaka wa 2012, yari iya kabiri mu mpfu zikunze kwibasira abana bato bari munsi y’imyaka itanu (miliyoni 0,76 cyangwa 11%).[1][12] Ibice bikunze kurwara impiswi nabyo ni impamvu itera imirire mibi kandi ikaba ikunze kugaragara cyane kubatarengeje imyaka itanu.[1] Ibindi bibazo birebire bishobora kuvamo harimo gukura kudindiza no gutera imbere m'ubwenge.[12]

Reba

[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330". World Health Organization. April 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  2. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  3. ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  4. 1 2 3 Abdelmalak B, Doyle J, eds. (2013). Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery. Cambridge University Press. pp. 282–287. ISBN 978-1-107-01867-9.
  5. ↑ Slattery SA, Niaz O, Aziz Q, Ford AC, Farmer AD (July 2015). "Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea" (PDF). Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 42 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1111/apt.13227. PMID 25913530. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 DuPont HL (April 2014). "Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 370 (16): 1532–40. doi:10.1056/nejmra1301069. PMID 24738670.
  7. ↑ "whqlibdoc.who.int" (PDF). World Health Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 November 2010.
  8. ↑ Crockett ME, Keystone JS (2012). "Protection of Travelers". In Fischer M, Long SS, Prober CG (eds.). Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-4557-3985-1. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  9. ↑ ACEP. "Nation's Emergency Physicians Announce List of Test and Procedures to Question as Part of Choosing Wisely Campaign". Choosing Wisely. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  10. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472. {{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. {{cite journal}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. 1 2 "Global Diarrhea Burden". CDC. 24 January 2013. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
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