Ibiribwa na lisansi
Ibiribwa hamwe na lisansi ni ikibazo kijyanye n'ingaruka zo gutandukanya imirima cyangwa ibihingwa kugirango umusaruro wa biyogaze ubangamire itangwa ry'ibiribwa . Impaka za biyogizi ni biribwa zirimo ibitekerezo byinshi, kandi ni kuva kera, bitavugwaho rumwe mu bitabo. [1] Hariho ukutumvikana ku kamaro ki kibazo, ikibitera, ni bishobora gukorwa cyangwa kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke. Ibigoye kandi bidashidikanywaho biterwa nu mubare munini wingaruka ni bisubizo bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza cyangwa mbi kuri sisitemu yi biciro. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zigereranijwe zizi ngaruka nziza kandi mbi ziratandukanye mu gihe gito kandi kirekire, zirimo ingaruka zitinze. Uruhande rwa masomo yi mpaka narwo ruyobowe no gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwu bukungu nu buryo bwo guhatanira gusesengura imibare. [2]
Ifaranga ry'ibiciro by'ibiribwa[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Kuva 1974 kugeza 2005 ibiciro byibiribwa nyabyo (byahinduwe kugirango ifaranga) byagabanutseho 75%. Ibiciro byibicuruzwa byari bihagaze neza nyuma yo kugera ku ntera mu 2000 na 2001. [3] Kubwibyo, kwiyongera kwibiciro byibiribwa vuba bifatwa nkibidasanzwe. Impapuro zikora ubushakashatsi kuri politiki ya Banki y'Isi yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2008 zagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ryayobowe n’ibinyampeke, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro mu 2005 nubwo ibihingwa byanditswe ku isi. Kuva muri Mutarama 2005 kugeza muri Kamena 2008, ibiciro by'ibigori byikubye hafi gatatu, ingano ziyongereyeho 127 ku ijana, n'umuceri wazamutseho 170 ku ijana. Ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro by'ingano bwakurikiwe no kwiyongera kw'amavuta n'ibiciro bya peteroli hagati ya 2006. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umusaruro w’ibisheke wiyongereye vuba, kandi wari munini bihagije kugira ngo igiciro cy’isukari cyiyongere gito usibye 2005 na mbere ya 2006. Uru rupapuro rwanzuye ko ibicanwa biva mu binyampeke byazamuye ibiciro by’ibiribwa bifatanije n’ibindi bintu bifitanye isano hagati ya 70 na 75 ku ijana, ariko Ethanol ikomoka mu bisukari ntabwo yagize uruhare runini mu izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa biherutse. [3]
Impamvu zitangwa[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ibindi bintu[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Igiciro cya peteroli cyiyongera[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Impaka muri sisitemu mpuzamahanga[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Impaka za 2008: Ibiciro byibiribwa ku isi[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Reba[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Bibiliogarafiya[hindura | hindura inkomoko]
- ↑ Mike Wilson (8 February 2008). "The Biofuel Smear Campaign". Farm Futures. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 28 April 2008.
- ↑ HLPE (June 2013). "Biofuels and food security" (PDF).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Donald Mitchell (July 2008). "A note on Rising Food Crisis" (PDF). The World Bank. Retrieved 29 July 2008.Policy Research Working Paper No. 4682. Disclaimer: This paper reflects the findings, interpretation, and conclusions of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank