Faith Ringgold
Faith Ringgold (Faith Willi Jones ; Ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1930 - 13 Mata 2024) yari umwirabura w’umunyamerika akaba umwanditsi, umunyabugeni, umwanditsi, umuhanzi ukora ibitaramo, akaba n'umurwanashyaka uhuza abantu, yari azwi nkumuntu uzi kuvuga neza imbwirwaruhame . [1] [2] [3] [4]
Ringgold yavukiye i Harlem, mu mujyi wa New York, kandi yabonye impamyabumenyi yicyiciro cyagatatu cya kaminuza yakuye muri City College ya New York . Yari umwarimu wubuhanzi muri sisitemu yishuri rusange rya New York City. Nkumuhanzi wa multimediya, ibihangano bye byasesenguye insanganyamatsiko yumuryango, ubwoko, icyiciro, nuburinganire. Urukurikirane rw''inkuru, byakozwe kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, byafashe ibyabaye ku Banyamerika b'Abirabura maze biba ibihangano bye byasinywe. Mu mwuga we, yazamuye ibikorwa by’abahanzi b'Abirabura maze arahaguruka arwanya guhezwa kwabo n’ingoro ndangamurage. Yanditse kandi ashushanya ibitabo birenga icumi byabana. Ubuhanzi bwa Ringgold bwerekanwe ku isi yose kandi buri mu byegeranyo bihoraho bya The Guggenheim, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi ya Metropolitan, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi n’ibishushanyo, inzu ndangamurage ya Philadelphia, n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Schomburg mu muco w’abirabura .
Ubuzima bwo hambere
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Faith Willi Jones yavutse ari umuhererezi mu bana batatu ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1930, mu bitaro bya Harlem, mu mujyi wa New York. [5] : 24 Ababyeyi be, Andrew Louis Jones na Willi Posey Jones, bakomokaga mu miryango y'abakozi bimuwe na Great Migration . Nyina wa Ringgold yari umunyamideli kandi se, ndetse no gukora imirimo itandukanye, yari umwanditsi w'inkuru. [6] Bamurereye mubidukikije byamuteye gutangira kwiga guhanga. Nyuma ya Harlem Renaissance, inzu ya Ringgold akiri umwana i Harlem yakikijwe n’ubuhanzi butera imbere - aho abantu nka Duke Ellington na Langston Hughes babaga hafi aho. [5] : 27 Inshuti ye yo mu bwana Sonny Rollins, wabaye umucuranzi ukomeye wa jazz, yakundaga gusura umuryango we kandi akitoza sakasofone mu birori byabo. [5] : 28
Kubera indwara ya asima yari arwaye, Ringgold yakoze ubushakashatsi ku buhanzi bugaragara nk'imyidagaduro ikomeye abifashijwemo na nyina, akenshi yageragezaga na crayons akiri umukobwa muto. [5] : 24 Yize kandi kudoda no gukora mu buryo bwa gihanga akoresheje imyenda ya nyina. [7] [5] : 24 Izi ngaruka zose hamwe, ibihangano bya Ringgold bizaza byatewe inkunga n'abantu cyane, imivugo, numuziki yakundaga kubikora mu bwana, nubwo ivanguramoko, ivangura rishingiye ku gitsina, n'amacakubiri byamucaga intege mubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi. [5] : 9
Mu 1948, kubera igitutu cy’umuryango we, Ringgold yiyandikishije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Umujyi wa New York yiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi, ariko ahatirwa kwiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi, kubera ko City College yemereraga abagore kwiyandikisha mu byiciro bimwe na bimwe. [8] [9] : 134 Mu 1950, yashakanye numuntu wakundaga gucuranga piano witwa Robert Earl Wallace babyarana abana babiri, Michele na Barbara Faith Wallace, mu 1952. [10] Ringgold na Wallace batandukanye nyuma yimyaka ine kubera kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bya heroine . [11] : 54 Hagati aho, yiganye n'abahanzi Robert Gwathmey na Yasuo Kuniyoshi . [12] Yamenyekanye kandi n’umucapyi Robert Blackburn, bazafatanya gukurikiranya ibicapo nyuma yimyaka 30. [5] : 29
Mu 1955, Ringgold yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri City College hanyuma bidatinze yigisha muri gahunda y’ishuri rusange rya New York City. [13] Mu 1959, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri City College yajyanye na nyina n’abakobwa be mu rugendo rwe rwa mbere mu Burayi. Igihe [13] bari mu rugendo mu mahanga i Paris, Florence, na Roma, yasuye ingoro ndangamurage nyinshi, harimo na Louvre . Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yashishikarije urukurikirane rw'ibishushanyo bizwi ku izina ry'Igifaransa (1991–1997). Uru rugendo rwaciwe mu buryo butunguranye, ariko, kubera urupfu rwa murumuna we mu 1961. Ringgold, nyina n’abakobwa be bose basubiye muri Amerika kumushyingura. [11] : 141 Yashakanye na Burdette Ringgold ku ya 19 Gicurasi 1962. [13]
Ringgold yasuye Afurika y'Iburengerazuba inshuro ebyiri: rimwe mu 1976 na none mu 1977. Izi ngendo zagize uruhare runini mu gukora mask, gushushanya ibipupe, n'ibishusho. [14]
Ibikorwa by'ubugeni
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ubuhanzi bwa Ringgold bwari butandukanye cyane. Harimo gushushanya,kubihangano bikozwe mu bisigazwa bya palasitike, amabuye nibindi, gutunganya amashusho n'ibikorwa by'ubuhanzi no gutunganya ibitabo by'abana. Nkumwarimu, yigishije muri sisitemu yishuri rusange rya New York City ndetse no kurwego rwa kaminuza. Mu 1973, yaretse kwigisha ishuri rya Leta kugira ngo yitangire guhanga ibihangano igihe cyose. Mu 1995, yegerejwe na ACA Galleries kugirango abahagararire wenyine kandi yari ahagarariwe nabo ubuzima bwe bwose. [15]
Gushushanya
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- ↑ Gipson, Ferren (2022). Women's work: from feminine arts to feminist art. London: Frances Lincoln. ISBN 978-0-7112-6465-6.
- ↑ "Faith Ringgold's website". Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
- ↑ "Faith Ringgold". Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
- ↑ Fox, Margalit (April 13, 2024). "Faith Ringgold Dies at 93; Wove Black Life Into Quilts and Children's Books". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2024. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Holton, Curlee Raven (2004). A View From the Studio. Boston: Bunker Hill Pub in association with the Allentown Art Museum. ISBN 978-1-593-73045-1. OCLC 59132090. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "AViewFromTheStudio-2004" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Faith Ringgold Biography, Life & Quotes". The Art Story. Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ↑ "Faith Ringgold". Biography.com. November 5, 2021. Archived from the original on December 24, 2023. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
- ↑ "About: Our History". The City College of New York. June 30, 2015. Archived from the original on March 26, 2016. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
- ↑ Farrington, Lisa (2011). Creating Their Own Image: The History of African-American Women Artists. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-76760-1. OCLC 57005944.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:1 - ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ringgold, Faith (1995). We Flew Over the Bridge: The Memoirs of Faith Ringgold. Boston: Little Brown & Co. ISBN 978-0-821-22071-9. OCLC 607544394. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "WeFlewOverTheBridge-1995" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Faith Ringgold". Oxford Reference (in Icyongereza). Archived from the original on April 15, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Ringgold, Faith. "Faith Ringgold Chronology" (PDF). Faith Ringgold. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2016. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
- ↑ Farrington, Lisa E.; Ringgold, Faith (2004). Faith Ringgold (in Icyongereza). Pomegranate. pp. 63, 107. ISBN 978-0-7649-2761-4.
- ↑ "About Faith". FaithRinggold.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.