Drakensberg

Drakensberg n'igice cy'iburasirazuba bwa Escarpment nini, ikikije ikibaya cyo muri Afrika yepfo . Escarpment nini igera ku butumburuke bukomeye - 2,000 to 3,482 metres (6,562 to 11,424 feet) mu karere gahana imbibi na Afurika yepfo na Lesotho .[1]

Ibirindiro bya Drakensberg bifite uburebure bwa kilometelo 1000( 600 miles) uvuye mu ntara ya cape y'iburasirazuba mu majyepfo, hanyuma bigenda bikurikirana, uhereye mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru, umupaka uhuza Lesotho na Cape y'iburasirazuba n'umupaka uhuza Lesotho n'Intara ya KwaZulu-Natal . Nyuma yaho ikora umupaka uhuza KwaZulu-Natal na Leta yigenga , hanyuma ukurikira nk'umupaka uhuza KwaZulu-Natal n'intara ya Mpumalanga . Umuyaga uherekeza mu majyaruguru uva aho, unyuze kuri Mpumalanga, aho urimo ibintu nka Blyde River Canyon, Rondavels eshatu, na Window y'Imana . Ihita igera mu majyaruguru kugera kuri Hoedspruit mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Limpopo aho izwi ku izina rya 'Klein Drakensberg na Afrikaner. Kuva kuri Hoedspruit igera mu burengerazuba kugera Tzaneen, no mu Ntara ya Limpopo, aho izwi ku izina ry'umusozi wa wolkberg n'umusozi wa Iron Crown. Kuri 2,200 m (7,200 ft) hejuru y'inyanja, Wolkberg nuburebure buri hejuru ya Limpopo. Escarpment yongeye kwerekera iburengerazuba kandi kuri Mokopane izwi ku izina rya Strydpoort.[2]

Etymology

Izina ry'Abanyafurika ryitwa Drakensberge rikomoka ku izina abimukira ba mbere b'abadage bahaye abamuherekeje, ari bo Drakensbergen, cyangwa imisozi ya Dragons . Igice kinini cya Escarpment nini kizwi muri Zulu nka uKhahlamba na Maloti muri Sotho.

Ubumenyi bwa geologiya

Inkomoko

Igice kinini cya Escarpment kigizwe nurukuta ruhanamye rwubatswe hafi y'ubutaka bw'umugabane mugihe cyo gutandukana kw'amajyepfo ya Gondwana kuva aho yangirika imbere mu gihugu kuva aho yari iherereye hafi y'inyanja ya Afrika yepfo, kandi igice cyayo cyose cy'iburasirazuba (reba ikarita iherekeje) bigize Drakensberg. Drakensberg irangirira mu majyaruguru hafi ya Tzaneen nka 22 °S parallel. Kubura Escarpment Nkuru hafi 450 km (280 mi) mu majyaruguru ya Tzaneen (kongera kugaragara ku mupaka uhuza Zimbabwe na Mozambike mu misozi ya Chimanimani biterwa n’ishami ry’iburengerazuba ryananiranye ry’imvururu zikomeye zatumye Antaragitika itangira kugenda yerekeza muri Afurika yepfo mu gihe cyo gutandukana kwa Gondwana 150miliyoni ishize. Umugezi wa Limpopo wo hepfo hamwe n'umugezi wa Save utemba mu nyanja y'ubuhinde unyuze mu bisigisigi by’iki kibaya cyimuwe, ubu kikaba kigizwe na Afurika yepfo Lowveld .

Mu myaka 20 ishize miliyoni, Afrika yepfo yahuye nizamuka ryinshi, cyane mu burasirazuba, bivamo ko igice kinini cyibibaya kiri hejuru 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Ikibaya kigoramye ku buryo kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba kandi kikamanuka gahoro ugana iburengerazuba n'amajyepfo. Mubisanzwe, ubutumburuke bw'uruhande rwiburasirazuba bwarenze 2,000 m (6,600 ft) . Igera ahantu hirengeye harenga 3,000 m (9,800 ft) aho escarpment igizwe n'umupaka mpuzamahanga uhuza Lesotho nintara ya Afrika yepfo ya KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal - Leta yubuntu Drakensberg igizwe nubutare bworoshye bityo rero ikaba ifite uruziga ruzengurutse, rworoshye kuva hepfo. Mubisanzwe, hejuru ya escarpment ni hafi kumeza-hejuru kandi yoroshye, ndetse no muri Lesotho. "Imisozi ya Lesotho" ikozwe kure y’inyanja ya Drakensberg n’imigezi y’isuri ihinduka ikibaya kinini kirimo imigezi y’uruzi rwa Orange . Umubare munini winzuzi utanga imisozi ya Lesotho imisozi igaragara cyane k'umusozi, haba k'ubutaka ndetse no mu kirere.

Ibice byo hejuru bya Drakensberg bifite ibidukikije byoroheje. Birashoboka ko imihindagurikire y’ikirere iherutse kugabanya ubukana bwa periglaciation.

Knight na Grab bashushanyije ikwirakwizwa ry’umurabyo i Drakensburg maze bavumbura ko inkuba igenzura cyane ihindagurika ry’imisozi kuko ifasha mu turere tw’imisozi - ahantu hirengeye - hamwe n’ingaruka zo guturika. Mbere, imyanda yo mu nguni yafatwaga nk'iyakozwe n'impinduka zisanzwe zikonje, ibidukikije, nko kuvunika kubera ubukonje. [3]

Ibigize

Imiterere ya geologiya ya Drakensberg (urukuta rwa escarpment) iratandukanye cyane kurenza 1000km. Limpopo na Mpumalanga Drakensberg bafashwe n’igice cya quartzite irwanya isuri igizwe na Transvaal Supergroup, nayo ikora Magaliesberg mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Pretoriya. Aya mabuye arenga 2000 imyaka miliyoni. Amajyepfo ya 26 ° S ibangikanye na esrakment ya Drakensberg igizwe na shale ya Ecca iri muri Karoo Supergroup, kandi imaze imyaka miriyoni 300.

Amatsinda ya Ecca na Beaufort agizwe nubutare bwimitsi butarwanya isuri kurusha andi mabuye agize escarpment ya Drakensberg. Kubwibyo, iki gice cya escarpment ntabwo gishimishije cyane nka Mpumalanga na Lesotho irambuye ya Drakensberg. Drakensberg igizwe n’umupaka w’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba n’iburasirazuba bwa Lesotho, kimwe na Cape Drakensberg y’iburasirazuba, igizwe n’urwego runini rwa basalt (lava) rwadutse mu myaka miriyoni 180 ishize. Urwo rupapuro rushingiye ku muto mu butayu bwa Karoo Supergroup, ibuye ryumusenyi rya Clarens, ryashyizwe mu butayu, hashize imyaka miliyoni 200