Cape Town

Cape Town ni umurwa mukuru muri Afurika yepfo. N'umujyi wa kera cyane w'igihugu kandi niho Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afrika yepfo. Umujyi wa Cape Town niwo mujyi mu bunini mu gihugu ukurikije abaturage, nyuma ya Johannesburg, n'umujyi munini mu burengerazuba bwa Cape . Umujyi ugizwe n'umujyi wa Cape Town metropolitan .

Uyu mujyi uzwiho kandi icyambu, imiterere karemano mu karere ka Cape Floristic, ndetse n’ahantu nyaburanga nka Mountain na Cape Point. Cape Town yagizwe umujyi mwiza ku isi ku bagenzi, inshuro nyinshi, harimo nka The New York Times mu 2014, igihe cyashize mu 2025, na The Telegraph mu myaka 8 ishize(2017 kugeza 2025).

Iherereye ku nkombe za Table Bay, agace ka City Bowl ka Cape Town, karimo akarere k'ubucuruzi hagati (CBD), ni agace ka kera cyane ko mu mijyi yo mu burengerazuba bwa cape, ako gace kandi gafite umurage ndangamuco ukomeye. Agace ka metropolitani gafite inkombe ndende ku nyanja ya Atalantika , ikubiyemo igice cyo mu majyaruguru mu karere ka West Beach, ndetse n'akarere ka False Bay mu majyepfo.

Parike y'imeza iri mu mipaka y'umujyi kandi hari n'ibindi byinshi bibungabunga ibidukikije hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe n’inyanja imbere ndetse no hafi y’umujyi, birinda ibidukikije bitandukanye byo ku isi n’inyanja. Muri byo harimo ubusitani bwa Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, bukubiyemo 5 muri biome 6 zo muri Afurika y'epfo, kandi bukerekana ibimera byinshi bikomoka mu karere ka Cape.

Cape Town yinjiza amafaranga menshi yo muri Afurika y'epfo, umubare muto w’ubushomeri, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa remezo, zitanga serivisi zikomeye, ubukerarugendo bunini, n’isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa.

Amateka

Igihe cyambere

Umushakashatsi wo muri Porutugali Bartolomeu Dias atera umusaraba i Cape Point, 1488.

Ibisigisigi bya mbere bizwi cyane mu bikorwa by'abantu muri kariya karere byabonetse mu buvumo bwa Peers muri Fish Hoek kandi byanditswe hagati yimyaka 15.000 na 12.000.

Bartolomeu Dias Umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri ako karere yahageze mu mwaka wa 1488 ayita "Cape of Storms" ( Cabo das Tormentas ). Nyuma yaje kwitwa John II wo muri Porutugali yitwa " Cape of Hope Hope " ( Cabo da Boa Esperança ) kubera icyizere gikomeye cyatewe no gufungura inzira y'inyanja yerekeza k'umugabane wu Buhinde no mu burasirazuba bwa Indies .

Mu mwaka wi 1497, umushakashatsi w’igiporutugali Vasco da Gama yanditse amajwi yerekeranye n’umusozi w’amizero meza.

Mu mwaka wi 1510, ku rugamba rw'uruzi rw'umunyu, admiral wo muri Porutugali Francisco de Almeida na mirongo itandatu na bane mu bagabo be barishwe kandi ishyaka rye ryatsinzwe na "Goringhaiqua" mu myandikire y’Abadage) bakoresheje inka zatojwe bidasanzwe kugira ngo basubize ifirimbi n'induru. Gorinaiqua yari umwe mu miryango ya Khoikhoi yari ituye muri ako gace.

Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 Abafaransa, Danemarke, Abadage, n'Abongereza, ariko cyane I giporutugali, amato yahoraga akomeza guhagarara hejuru ya Bay Bay yerekeza mu Buhinde. Bagurishaga itabi, umuringa, n'icyuma hamwe n'imiryango ya Khoikhoi yo mu karere kugirango bagurane inyama nshya n'ibindi byangombwa by'ingendo.

Igihe cy'Ubuholandi

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Gutura byakuze buhoro muri iki gihe, kuko byari bigoye kubona akazi gahagije.Uku kubura abakozi kwatumye kandi abayobozi baho batumiza mu mahanga abacakara muri Indoneziya na Madagasikari. Benshi muri aba bantu ni abakurambere b'iki gihe cya Cape Colored na Cape Malay.

Ku butegetsi bwa Van Riebeeck n'abamusimbuye, nk'abayobozi ba VOC ndetse na ba guverineri nyuma ya Cape, hashyizweho ibihingwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi. Bimwe muribi, birimo inzabibu, ibinyampeke, imbuto z'ubutaka, ibirayi, pomme na citrusi, byagize uruhare runini kandi birambye mu mibereho n'ubukungu bw'akarere.

Igihe cy'Ubwongereza

Repubulika y'ubuhorandi yahinduwe muri Repubulika ya Bataviya y’impinduramatwara y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza bwimukiye kwigarurira ubukoloni bw’Ubuholandi, harimo n’ubukoroni bwa VOC.

U bwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town mu mwaka wa 1795, ariko busubizwa mu Buholandi n’amasezerano mu 1803. Ingabo z’Abongereza zongeye kwigarurira Cape mu 1806 nyuma y’Intambara ya Blaauwberg igihe Repubulika ya Bataviya yifatanyaga na mukeba w’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, mu gihe cy’intambara ya Napoleon . Intambara irangiye Cape Town yahawe u Bwongereza burundu mu masezerano y'Abongereza n'ubuholandi yo mu mwaka 1814.

Umujyi wabaye umurwa mukuru wa Cape Colony nshya yari imaze gushingwa, akarere kayo kakaguka cyane kugeza mu myaka ya 1800, igice cyatewe n'intambara nyinshi na ama Xhosa k'umupaka w'iburasirazuba bwa koloni. Mu 1833, ubucakara bwakuweho muri koloni babohora imbata zirenga 5500 muri uwo mujyi, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye umujyi icyo gihe. ikibazo cy'abakatiwe mu 1849, cyaranzwe n’imivurungano ikomeye y’abaturage, cyashimangiye icyifuzo cyo kwiyobora muri Cape.

Mu kwaguka haje gusabwa ubwigenge bukomeye mu Bwongereza, Cape igera ku nteko ishinga amategeko yayo mu mwaka wi 1854 na Minisitiri w’intebe ubarizwa aho (1872). Amatora yashyizweho hakurikijwe amacakubiri adafite amoko Cape yujuje ibisabwa .

Mu mwaka wi 1850 nuwa 1860, ubundi bwoko bw’ibimera bwatangijwe muri Ositaraliya n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubwongereza. By'umwihariko rooikrans yatangijwe kugirango ituze umucanga wa Cape flats kugirango yemererwe umuhanda uhuza umupaka n’igice cy’umugabane wa Afurika, kandi eucalyptus yakoreshejwe mu kuvoma ibishanga.

Mu 1859, umurongo wa gariyamoshi wa mbere wubatswe na gariyamoshi ya leta ya Cape kandi sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yagutse vuba mu 1870. Ivumburwa rya diyama muri Griqualand West mu 1867, na Witwatersrand Gold Rush mu 1886, byatumye umwuzure w’abinjira muri Afurika y'epfo. Mu 1895, hafunguwe sitasiyo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi rusange y’umujyi, Graaff Electric Lighting Works .

Amakimbirane hagati ya Repubulika ya Boer imbere na guverinoma y'ubukoroni bw’Abongereza yatumye Intambara ya kabiri ya Boer yo mu mwaka wi 1899–1902. Intsinzi y'Ubwongereza muri iyi ntambara yatumye hashyirwaho Afurika y'Epfo yunze ubumwe. Kuva mu 1891 kugeza 1901, abatuye umujyi barikubye kabiri bava kuri 67.000 bagera kuri 171.000.

Igihe cy' ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo cyarangiraga, ubukungu bwa politiki bya Cape Town mu karere ka Afurika y'epfo mu kinyejana cya 19 byatangiye guha umwanya Johannesburg na Pretoriya mu kinyejana cya 20.

Igihe cya Afrika yepfo

Mu 1910, Ubwongereza bwashizeho ubumwe bw'Afurika y'epfo bwahuzaga Cape Colony hamwe na Repubulika ya Boer yatsinzwe na koloni y’Abongereza ya Natal . Cape Town yabaye umurwa mukuru w’amategeko w’Ubumwe, nyuma ya Repubulika ya Afurika yepfo .

Mu ibarura ryo mu 1936 Johannesburg yari Cape Town nk'umujyi munini mu gihugu.

Mu 1945 kwagura ikibanza cya Cae Town cyarangiye, hiyongeraho 194ha (hegitari 480) kuri Cape Town CBD, no mu kwagura, akarere ka Bowl.

Mugihe cya Aparthied

Mbere kandi y'ikinyejana cya 20 rwagati Cape Town yari umwe mumijyi ihuriweho n'amoko muri Afurika y'epfo. ​​​